To study the effect of feed additive N- carbamylglutamate (NCG) with different levels of feeding on amino acids profile and some analytes in serum of goats, thirty male goats aged 7-8 months were distributed into three levels of concentrate 2%, 3%, 4% with or without NCG in a 2×3 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design (CRD). After 72 days of individual feeding, the blood from jugular vein was obtained before feeding in the morning. Results showed that additive NCG with 3% concentrate led to an increase (P<0.01) in total protein and albumin (P<0.05), globulins increased (P<0.01) with increasing concentrate without NCG. Creatinine decreased with increasing concentrate without NCG. Additive NCG led to a linear decrease in uric acid with increasing feed intake (P<0.05) and a linear increase without NCG. Blood magnesium, zinc, and copper increased with NCG. No difference in calcium between treatments. The level of feeding without NCG didn't affect fat parameters, while LDL, HDL, and cholesterol increased with NCG and 4% concentrate. Additive N- carbamylglutamate affected negatively blood amino acids, especially with 4% concentrate. In conclusion, 3% concentrate was the best for blood homeostasis with or without NCG, and preferred to use NCG with urea.
The effect of feed additive N- carbamylglutamate (NCG) with different feeding levels on some biochemical parameters and amino acids in the serum of goats was investigated. Thirty male goats aged 10-11 months were distributed into three levels of concentrate 70%, 50%, and 30% with or without N- carbamylglutamate (NCG) in a 2×3 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design (CRD). After 77 days of individual feeding, jugular blood was sampled before morning feeding. The results showed that additive NCG with high concentrate (70%) led to a decrease (P<0.01) in total blood protein, triglycerides, and globulins, and a decrease (P<0.05) for creatinine, uric acid, and VLDL. Blood magnesium increased (P<0.01) with NCG of low concentrate (30%) treatment, while phosphor increased with NCG of 50% concentrate treatment. Calcium increased with all NCG treatments. The results of adding N- carbamylglutamate with high roughage led to a negative effect on blood amino acids. In conclusion, increasing roughage feeding without NCG is the best for blood homeostasis, and don't use N- carbamylglutamate without non-protein nitrogen additives. Keywords: Amino acids, blood traits, N-carbamylglutamate, feeding level.
In the present study, the association between outer membrane proteins loss, virulence and antibiotic sensitivity was investigated in K. ozaenae. An outer membrane proteins deficient K. ozaenae was derived from local clinical K. ozaenae isolate. Virulence was assessed by comparing the clearance of viable complete K. ozaenae with that outer membrane proteins deficient K. ozaenae in the spleen, liver, appendix, and blood of injected laboratory mice. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion method. It was recorded significant differences at a P value of ⩽0.05 between the logarithm of the viable number of the complete K. ozaenae and logarithm of the viable number of outer membrane proteins deficient K. ozaenae that retrieved from the spleen, liver, appendix, and blood. It was observed that the logarithm of the viable number of complete K. ozaenae increased gradually during 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours compared with the logarithm of the viable number of outer membrane proteins deficient K. ozaenae which increases during 18-24 hours, and then decreased in all organs. Susceptibility tests showed that complete K. ozaenae isolate was resistant to most used antibiotics including amoxicillin, cephalothin, ceftazidime, cefotoxime, amikacin, tetracycline, naldixic acid, erythromycin, trimethoprim and sensitive to only imipenem and gentamicin. Whereas outer membrane deficient K. ozaenae isolate was resistant to all antibiotics used in our study.
The respiratory colonizer K. ozaenae can cause a broad spectrum of infections, and it always misdiagnoses by phenotypic procedures. The role of capsule has not been proved in K. ozaenae yet. One hundred (100) clinical specimens were taken from patients suffering different infections. After phenotypic identification by cultural, microscopic, and biochemical tests, the suspected K. ozaenae isolates subjected to molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene. The non-capsulated K. ozaenae isolate was prepared from higher muco-viscous capsulated K. ozaenae isolate. Mice were injected intraperitoneally by capsulated and non-capsulated K. ozaenae, then bacterial burden in the spleen, liver, and blood was compared and histopathological lesions were detected in liver. Susceptibility of K. ozaenae with and without capsule to different antibiotics concentrations was tested at 600nm wavelength. Phenotypically, 3 (3%) isolates of K. ozaenae were identified, while results of 16S rRNA gene were concordant in 2/3 (2%) isolates and discordant in 1/3 (1%) isolate. Significant differences were showed between the increased log number of capsulated K. ozaenae isolate and decreased log number of non-capsulated K. ozaenae isolate that recovered from mice spleen, liver, and blood. Severe pathological lesions were observed in mice liver infected by capsulated K. ozaenae compared with non-capsulated K. ozaenae isolate. No-significant differences were found between the growth of capsulated and non-capsulated K. ozaenae isolate treated with the same antibiotic concentration. 16S rRNA are useful molecular tool to avoid misidentification of K. ozaenae. Removal of capsule decreases virulence of K. ozaenae, but not affect its sensitivity to antibiotics.
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