No abstract

Seeds from nine kenaf genotypes (Cubano, Everglades 41, Everglades 71, GR2563, Guatemala 48, Indian, 178-18RS-10, Tainung #l, and Tainting #2) were evaluated for oil, fatty acid, phospholipid, and sterol content. Oil content ranged from 21.4 to 26.4% with a mean of 23.7%. Total phospholipids ranged from 3.9 to 10.3% of the oil, with a mean of 6.0%. Mean sterol percent was 0.9 and ranged from 0.6% of the total oil for 178-18RS-10 accession to 1.2% for Everglades 71. Palmitic (20.1% of the total fatty acids), oleic (29.2%), and linoleic (45.9%) were the major fatty acids, and palmitoleic (1.6%), linolenic (0.7%), and stearic (3.5%) were the minor components. Medium (Ci2-Ci4) and long (C22-C24) chain fatty acids were less than 1%. Sphingomyelin (4.42% of the total phospholipids), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (12.8%), phosphatidyl choline (21.9%), phosphatidyl serine (2.9%), phosphatidyl inositol (2.7%), lysophosphatidyl choline (5.3%), phosphatidyl glycerol (8.9%), phosphatidic acid (4.9%), and cardiolipin (3.6%) were identified in the nine genotypes. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl glycerol were the dominant phospholipids. In addition, eight unidentified phospholipids were also found. /I-sitosterol (72.3% of the total sterols), campsterol (9.9%), and stigmasterol (6.07%) were prevalent among kenaf genotypes. Kenaf's relatively high oil content and its similarity to cottonseed oil suggest that the seed oil may be used as a source of edible oil. The variation among genotypes indicates potential for genetic improvement in oil yield and quality.

There is little information available about phytosterols in canola (Brassica napa L.) oil and the effects of genotype and growing locations from Virginia and the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, a potential area for the establishment of domestic production to provide edible oil. Our objectives were to characterize the phytosterols, phospholipids, unsaponifiable matter, and FA in oil from Virginia-grown canola. Among 11 canola genotypes grown at two locations during 1995-1996 significant variations existed for oil content and FA profiles, but not for contents of phospholipids, unsaponifiable matter, total phytosterols, campesterol, stigmasterol, and βsitosterol. Total phytosterol content in the oil of Virginia-grown canola varied from 0.7 to 0.9% with a mean of 0.8%. This concentration compared favorably with oil from Canadian canola, which typically contains 0.5 to 1.1% total phytosterols. The mean contents of brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, βsitosterol, ∆ 5 -avenasterol, and ∆ 7 -stigmastenol as percentages of total phytosterols in Virginia-grown canola were: 9.7, 32.0, 0.6, 49.3, 4.99, and 3.5%, respectively. Growing location did not affect phytosterols in Virginia-grown canola oil but had significant effects on contents of phospholipids, and saturated (myristic, stearic, and arachidic) and unsaturated (palmitoleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic, and erucic) FA.

This study was conducted to determine effects of genotypes and growing environment on phytosterols, triterpene alcohols, and phospholipids (PL) in lupin (Lupinus albus L.) oil from seven genotypes grown in Maine and Virginia. The unsaponifiable lipid (UNSAP) and phospholipid (PL) fractions ranged from 2.1 to 2.8% and from 2.6 to 2.8% of oil, respectively. UNSAP in lupin oil contained 19.9 to 28.7% sterols and 17.3 to 22.0% triterpene alcohols. Growing location significantly affected contents of total PL, PS, phosphatidylglycerol, β‐sitosterol, campesterol, and β‐amyrin. Genotypic effects were significant for stigmasterol. PC (32.6 to 46.3% of PL), PE (21.6 to 32% of PL), and PS (11.2 to 17.9% of PL) were the major PL in lupin oil. The concentration of PL classes in lupin oil were in the following descending order: PC>PE>PS>PI>phosphatidic acid > lysophosphatidylcholine > phosphatidylglycerol > diphosphatidylglycerol. In descending order of abundance, the sterols present in lupin oil were: β‐sitosterol > campesterol > stigmasterol > Δ5‐avenasterol > Δ7‐stigmastenol Lupeol was the most prominent triterpene alcohol in lupin seed oil. In general, growing environment had a much greater influence on lupin oil characteristics than the genotypes.

No abstract

Our objective was to evaluate production potential of eight tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) genotypes and three planting dates. Significant variation (P < 0.05) existed among eight genotypes and three planting dates in 1997 and 1998. The genotype ×planting date interaction was nonsignificant (P > 0.05) for seed yield and harvest index. Seed yields of eight genotypes, when averaged over three planting dates and 2 years, varied from 1618 to 1988 with a mean of 1816 kg·ha-1, indicating that tepary bean is adapted to Virginia's agro-climatic conditions. The harvest index (ratio between seed and total plant weight, expressed as percentage) ranged from 38% to 47%. Seed weight varied from 12.6 to 18.8 g with a mean of 14.5 g. Genotypes with tan-colored seeds had significantly larger seed than those with black or white seeds. Planting dates significantly affected seed yield, seed weight, and harvest index. The highest seed yield (2239 kg·ha-1) and harvest index were obtained from the late May plantings.

No abstract

Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), a native of southwestern U.S., is a promising plant for crop diversification and for production in short rotations with wheat. However, protein and mineral concentrations in tepary bean seed produced outside the southwestern U.S. are largely unknown. We evaluated concentrations of protein and various minerals in seed produced by eight tepary bean genotypes planted at three different dates each during 1997 and 1998 at Ettrick, Virginia. Significant year × planting date and year × genotype interactions existed for protein and other traits. Protein and zinc concentrations increased and calcium concentrations decreased with later plantings during both years. Mid-June planting had 14% higher protein concentration (24.5%) than late-May planting (21.4%) and mid-July planting had 6% higher protein concentration (25.9%) than mid-June planting. Color of seedcoat was not associated with concentrations of protein or minerals. The average concentrations of boron, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc (mg/100g) were: 1, 184, 1, 11, 1531, 192, 3, 451, 311, 4, respectively. Tepary bean seeds contained 24% protein as compared to reported average values of 22.3% in navy, 22.5% in red kidney, and 20.9% in pinto bean. The average iron concentration (mg/100g) in tepary bean seed (10.7) was higher than that in navy (6.4), red kidney (6.7), and pinto (5.9) bean. Based on protein and mineral concentrations tepary bean seed compared well with seeds of navy, red kidney, or pinto bean.