NAD+—dependent histone deacetylases (sirtuins 1–7) have been shown to be involved in various pathophysiological conditions including their involvement in cardiovascular, cancerous, neurodegenerative, immune dysregulation and inflammatory conditions. This study investigates the inflammomodulatory potential of resveratrol (RES), a sirtuin activator and sirtinol (SIR), a sirtuin inhibitor in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of sickness behaviour in mice. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups (n = 6) consisting of saline (SAL), LPS, RES, SIR, and fluoxetine (FLU) respectively, each group except LPS was prepared by intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration of SAL (10 mL/kg), RES (50 mg/kg), SIR (2 mg/kg) and FLU (10 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after the treatments, all the groups, except SAL were administered LPS (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The behavioural assays including, open field test, forced swim test, and tail suspension tests were conducted 1 h after LPS challenge. LPS administration significantly reduced the locomotor activity along with inducing a state of high immobility and that was prevented by pretreatment with RES and SIR. Further, various proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH) were found to be significantly elevated in the brain homogenates after LPS treatment. SIR pretreatment abrogated the LPS-induced neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress changes, whereas RES was only effective in reducing the oxidative stress and TNF-α levels. The results of this study speculate that the role of SIRT modulators in neuroinflammatory conditions could vary with their dose, regimen and chemical properties. Further studies with detailed molecular and pharmacokinetic profiling will be needed to explore their therapeutic potentials.

No abstract

Background: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Increasing blood pressure could be a marker for metabolic syndrome (MtS) usually undiagnosed, together, which intensify the risk of future development of CVD. Methodolodgy: Present prospective, open labeled, observational study was conducted at outpatient department of Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital in Warangal, Telangana, India. The study was carried out for four months, from June 2013 to September 2013. Patients who met the study preset criteria and consented were enrolled and the entire parameters essential for evaluation of MtS were done by using standard techniques from the protocol. Results: A total of 120 hypertensive patients (75 male; 45 female) with mean age of 53.28 ± 12.98 years was examined. When classified according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) for MtS, 82.5% were falling in this criterion. Of this total, 43%, 30.8% and 8.33% were met with HTN with 2, HTN with 3 and HTN with 4 criteria respectively. Conclusion: A significant prevalence of MetS among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients was observed. In view of this there is a need to screen all hypertensive patients for the abnormalities at the time of diagnosis and an effective action plan is needed to combat MtS in order to prevent its consequences.

The main aim of this study is to determine the anti-hyerlipidemic and anti-obesity activity of Canephora robusta in hyperlipidemia induced rats. Prepared coffee bean extract (GCE) was procured from the market which is unroasted and contains more quantity of caffeine and chlorogenic acid when compared to roasted coffee. Male albino Wister rats are fed with high fat diet (HFD) for weeks to induce hyperlipidemia in rats, which are divided into 4 groups with 4 animals in each group. Test GCBE was given in doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg to III and IV groups which are fed with HFD for 30 days. Then blood samples were collected through retro-orbital sinus by capillaries and serum is separated for analysis. The result obtained from lipid profile which includes total cholesterol, triglycerides, very low density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins shows the decreased level when compared to the hyperlipidemic control. This shows the significant reduction of total body weight (p < 0.05) when given with dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. The present study suggests that GCBE has anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic activity, where 400 mg/kg is more effective to reduce the total body weight and lipid levels when compared to 200 mg/kg. Further studies on this extract may lead to identify the possible mechanism of action and isolation of active principle from the same.

The family Cucurbitaceae includes a large group of crops like cucumbers, and melons which are medicinally essential. The major elements present are the phytochemicals like Terpenoids, Saponins, Tannins, Steroids, Caretenoids,  Glycosides and Resins etc and the most commonly the terpenoid substance called cucurbitans.  Melothria scabra belongs the family Cucurbitaceae. Melothria scabra belongs the family Cucurbitaceae. The leaves of Melothria scabra are dried and powdered. Extraction was performed by using ethanol by soxhlation method. In the present study, the phytochemical investigation and invitro anti diabetic activity was performed. It indicates the presence of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Alkaloids, Flavanoids and  Glycosides. Powder analysis is performed by using dried powder. It indicates the presence of Stomata, Xylem vessels  and Fibres. These extracts were screened for invitro anti diabetic activity by using the three methods: Determination of glucose adsorption capacity, Effect of plant extracts on invitro glucose diffusion, Glucose uptake by yeast cells. The plant extract has shown good increase in glucose adsorbing capacity, decrease in glucose diffusion retardation potential and significant decrease in glucose uptake thus indicating its ability to decrease the glucose availability to diffusion into blood stream.