Abstract;-Akbar and Aurangzeb-the 'saint' and the' villain' of the Mughal episode of India's history. Such an oversimplified view has tended to distort understanding of India's past and is often based on narrow and onesided examination of historical facts. Was Aurangzeb really the evil, bigot ruler who led the empire built by his ancestors on the basis of alliances with indigenous elements to decline? Were the discriminatory policies of jiziya and temple desecration carried out with the aim of waging war against idolatry or they had underlying shrewd political motives? Wasn't he an able administrator and a pragmatic ruler as compared to his other brothers, especially Dara? If tyranny of the past is judged by today's terms then even Akbar doesn't escape from the scaffold. It should be kept in mind that the policies of bigotry either by Hindu or Muslim rulers are actually part of Machiavellian political and administrative strategies.
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