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Asia has been experiencing very high population growth and urbanization. Asian countries will witness a large population increase, which will have important implications for a variety of urban environmental issues, such as solid waste management. Nowadays, waste management is a major challenge in Asian countries, as it creates environmental problems. The present study reveals the problems and issues of solid waste management in Asian countries and certain important problems and issues that must be addressed in order to achieve public cooperation. At the core of the problems of solid waste management are the absence of adequate policies, enabling legislation, and an environmentally stimulated and enlightened public. This paper aims to identify parameters that help to explain the present situation and to assess the future amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated per capita in different Asian countries and how to develop an effective waste management strategy for Asian countries according to economic level.

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Water supply sources for irrigation, such as rivers, reservoirs, and groundwater, are critically important for agricultural productivity. The current rapid increase in irrigation water use threatens sustainable food production. In this study, we estimated the time-varying dependency of the supply of irrigation water from rivers, large reservoirs with a greater than 1.0 km³ storage capacity, medium-size reservoirs with storage capacities ranging from 1.0 km³ to 3.0 Mm³, and non-local non-renewable blue water (NNBW), particularly taking into account variations in irrigation area during the period 1960–2000. We also estimated the future irrigation water requirements from water supply sources in addition to these four sources, using an irrigation area scenario. The net irrigation water requirements from various supply sources were assessed using the global H08 water resources model. The H08 model simulates water requirements on a daily basis at a resolution of 1.0° × 1.0°. We obtained net irrigation water from rivers and medium-size reservoirs, and determined that the NNBW increased continuously from 1960 to 1985, but the net irrigation water from large reservoirs increased only marginally. After 1985, the net irrigation water from rivers approached a critical limit with the continued expansion of the irrigation area. The irrigation water requirements from medium-size reservoirs and NNBW increased significantly following the expansion of the irrigation area and the increased storage capacity of medium-size reservoirs. Under the irrigation area scenario without climate change, global net irrigation water requirements from additional water supply sources will account for 26% of the total requirements in the year 2050. We found that expansion of irrigation areas due to population growth will generate an enormous demand for irrigation water from additional resources

Health care wastes include anatomical, pathological and clinical infectious/ hazardous organic and inorganic waste. The waste is disposed off in unscientific manner. The study has been conducted in the government health care establishment only to reveal the per day waste generation on each patient, present mode of waste management within the units bed, our suggestions which have helped the units to improve their waste management practices, in the city of Agra. Keywords: Waste management, Health scare waste, Management, Government hospitaldoi:10.3126/on.v5i1.794Our Nature (2007)5:25-30