Corporates play a vital role in the economy and are subject to growing expectations from stakeholders. Therefore, it is essential to understand the financial impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on corporates’ activities. This article examines the impact of CSR on 30 Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)-listed corporate efficiencies by using multi-criteria decision-making models. The article emphasized the technical efficiency of 30 BSE-listed corporates and explored high-efficiency drivers. This study applies multiple methods, that is, data envelopment analysis and free disposal hull, to observe the efficiency rankings of the 30 BSE Index-listed companies for 6 years, that is, 2014–2020. In the second stage, we perform truncated regression analysis to validate our results on the association between CSR and the financial performance of the corporate. The findings suggest that 6 out of 30 corporates are technically efficient (TE = 1) in all frontier approaches. Furthermore, the outcomes portray those three pillars of CSR (i.e., environment, social and governance) are positively correlated with efficiency. Furthermore, it has also been observed that environment and social scores are positively related to return on assets. The findings can be helpful for the stakeholders, policymakers and management of the corporate as a guideline to implement CSR practices.
We examine the dynamics of the impact of the evolving policy response during the COVID‐19 pandemic on the equity market sentiment in India. We operationalise our study by examining the India VIX, the fear gauge of the Indian equity market as an indicator for the market sentiment, and the country level Government Response Index of the Blavatnik School of Government, Oxford University as an indicator for the policy response. The relation is examined through the Markov‐switching model using high‐frequency daily data from January 30, 2020, to May 31, 2021. The evidence suggests that the policy response has a positive impact on the market sentiment when the market is fearful. Further, the evidence suggests that both the high‐fear state and the low‐fear state of the market sentiment given by the model are short‐lived indicating heightened volatility and possible speculation during the ongoing pandemic in the Indian equity market.
We analyse the time-varying risks associated with ESG equity investments in developed, emerging and BRIC equity markets in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic which has once again underscored the vulnerability of the financial space to shocks. For this purpose, the nonlinear Markov regime switching model is used to analyse the time-varying beta and idiosyncratic volatility of the World ESG Leaders, Emerging Markets ESG Leaders and BRIC ESG Leaders equity portfolios provided by Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI). To further complement the evidence, we also refer to the global ACWI ESG Leaders index which represents both developed markets and emerging markets. The evidence suggests that the risk dynamics of the ESG equity portfolios representing the developed markets, emerging markets, BRIC markets and the global markets are distinct during the crisis and calm period. ESG equity investments have higher systematic risk exposure in emerging markets and BRIC markets during the crisis period as well as calm periods. On the other hand, ESG equity investments have higher systematic risk exposure during the crisis period only in case of developed markets. The results of the study provide insights on the time -varying risk dynamics of ESG investing and thus, facilitate informed investment decisions.
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