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Flow and heat transfer of water-based nanofluid over a stretchable rotating disk under the influence of an alternating magnetic field is investigated. The external magnetic field creates a hindrance in the flow and depends on the frequency of the alternating magnetic field. The frequency of an alternating magnetic field can increase or decrease the viscosity of the magnetic fluid in the flow. A set of nonlinear differential equations in the present theoretical model is solved numerically using the finite element method. Volume concentration, frequency of the alternating magnetic field, magnetic polarization force, and Prandtl number play an important role in the velocity and temperature distributions of iron/water nanofluid. A comparative study for velocity and heat transfer is presented for iron/water, nickel/water, and cobalt/water ferromagnetic nanofluid. The rotational viscosity enhances the heat transfer in nanofluid provided the magnetic field should be stationary.

The current research demonstrates the revolving flow of water-based Fe3O4 nanofluid due to the uniform rotation of the disc. This flow of nanofluid is investigated using CFD Module in COMSOL Multiphysics. However, the similarity solution for this flow is also obtained after transforming the given equation into a non-dimensional form. In the CFD Module, streamlines and surface plots are compared with the similarity solution for the magnitude of the velocity, radial velocity, tangential velocity, and axial velocity. The results from the direct simulation in the CFD Module and the solution of dimensionless equations represent a similar solution of velocity distribution. The derived results show that increasing the volume concentration of nanoparticles and effective magnetic parameters decrease the velocity distribution in the flow. Results in the CFD Module are important for monitoring the real-time particle tracing in the flow and, on the other hand, the dimensionless solution is also significant for the physical interpretation of the problem. Both methods of solution empower each other and present the physical model without sacrificing the relevant physical phenomena.

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