India’s transport network is one of the most extensive in the world. Road network is vital for sustained and inclusive growth of the economy and consolidation of social diversification of the nation. When compared to other transport means, road transport is considered to be more flexible and consumer-friendly as it provides door-to-door service to the people even in the remotest parts of the country. With the increasing population, there is immense load on natural as well as man-made resources. With growing development, people are more and more dependent on the transport system for fulfilling their needs and expansions. Thus, these road activities greatly affect environment qualities. The present review discusses the impacts of road activities on soil, water, and air quality and noise nuisance.
The present study was conducted during the year 2018-2019 to determine the impact of road on Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of plants growing along the road. A comparative study was done between three roads viz., National highway, State highway and Link Road. Among three roads, link road can be considered as control because vehicular emissions were minimal or non-existent. Three plants (Dalbergia sisso, Mangifera indica and Ficus palmata) were selected as per their uniform presence along all three roads. Four biochemical parameters viz., ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH and relative water content were used to calculate the air pollution tolerance index. Season wise maximum ascorbic acid, leaf extract pH and relative water content was observed during post monsoon season whereas total chlorophyll content was observed during pre monsoon season. The APTI of the selected plant species ranged from 8.23 to 10.76 during pre-monsoon and 9.03 to 11.09 during post-monsoon. Anticipated Performance Index (API) was in order of Mangifera indica with highest API grade (6) and it was excellent among plants followed by Dalbergia sisso (5) in very good and Ficus palmata (3) in moderate. Student t-test analysis of seasonal variation of biochemical parameters in leaf of selected tree species was carried out and it was observed that there was significant seasonal effect on mean values of ascorbic acid content and APTI whereas there was no impact of seasons on total chlorophyll content, leaf extract pH and relative water content.
A study was conducted to evaluate the spatial and seasonal variation in the quality of the surface water sources along national highway, state highway and link road. Physicochemical properties of water were estimated using water samples collected during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons in the year 2018 and 2019. The water quality parameters (pH, EC, Turbidity, TDS, BOD, COD, Cl-, NO3- and heavy metals) were calculated. The investigation revealed that pH (6.91-7.35), EC (0.17-0.29 dS m-1), TDS (140.12-175.54 mg l-1), Turbidity (2.34-3.87 NTU), BOD (2.25-2.89 mg l-1), COD (13.49-20.19 mg l-1), Cl- (14.36-30.15 mg l-1), NO3- (3.12-4.89 mg l-1) and various heavy metals were within permissible limits and varied significantly (p<0.05) on spatial variations. Maximum effects of vehicular emissions along the roadside water bodies were observed at NH followed by SH and minimum was noticed at LR. Among the seasons, maximum values of water quality parameters were observed during pre-monsoon season followed by monsoon and then post-monsoon.
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