Singh AK, Jamaluddin (2011) Status and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its role in natural regeneration on limestone mined spoils. Biodiversitas 12: 107-111. Limestone mined spoils are devoid of adequate population of beneficial microbial flora. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are very important constituent of plant-soil-microbe system. In mined spoils the population of AMF is greatly reduced and hence the spoils become very inhospitable for establishment of vegetation. In the present investigation, status of AMF population and its effect on natural regeneration process is studied. It is well known fact that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play very important role in establishment of vegetation in degraded lands. Plantation of seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide favorable soil conditions for naturally growing vegetation in the mined overburden spoils. Physico-chemical properties of soil are converted suitable for planted species and thus it allows other species to grow and also provide shade to protect the herbaceous vegetation. Introduction of plant species attracts immigration of other species and if they established, may result into a very distinctive floral cover on disturbed lands. Thus, invasion of native plant species along with planted species may play a significant role in increasing the plant diversity on mined spoils.

We report the van der Waals integration of micropatterned GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) onto foreign graphene films. GaN micro-LEDs were selectively grown on a graphene substrate using a patterned SiO2 mask, and then the whole device structure was laterally fixed by a polyimide insulator to form a united layer. After device fabrication, the LED/graphene heterostructure device was piled on the foreign graphene layers using a typical wet transfer technique of 2D crystals where the bottom graphene layer of the heterostructure was adhered to the foreign graphene only by van der Waals interactions. The transferred micro-LEDs showed well-aligned crystallographic orientations as well as reliable device performances, including strong light emissions, good rectifying behaviors of the current density–voltage curve, and good simultaneity between the electroluminescence intensity and the applied currents, ensuring reliable electrical connections and mechanical adhesions of the light-emitting layer to the foreign graphene films. Furthermore, the reliable adhesiveness allowed us to achieve device wearability, while the LEDs exhibited homogeneous light emissions under various bending conditions because of negligible external stress in the discrete micro-LEDs.

Furukawa predicted that at late times, the domain growth in binary fluids scales as $\ell(t)\sim t^{2/3}$, and the growth is driven by fluid inertia. The {\it inertial growth regime} has...

Coronavirus disease (COVID 19) which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease transformed to a pandemic and affected people’s lives all over the world. It caused death to millions of people all over the world. In this project we focused on finding out the correlation of SARS-CoV2 with other respiratory diseases causing viruses like MERS and H1N1 influenza viruses. We further investigated to understand the mutations that occur in the sequences of the SARS-CoV2 during the spread of the disease and correlated it with the functional domains of proteins. The resulted phylogenetic tree indicated that SARS-CoV2 is closely related to the MERS and H1N1 viruses are distantly related. The mutation analysis of 10 different proteins of the SARS-CoV2 shows that there were more than 50 point-mutations among 34 countries sequences for six proteins. Interestingly, four proteins did not any mutation during the analysis. Therefore, these four proteins may be taken into consideration during the development of the diagnostics or therapeutics against this disease.

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