In A.D. 131/2 the emperor Hadrian created a new organization of Greek cities, the Panhellenion. This paper is the first of two in which we explore, from a provincial perspective, the implications of this novel initiative by Rome in Greek affairs.The foundation of the Panhellenion belongs to a series of interventions by Hadrian in the Greek world, the others mostly in the form of acts of benefaction towards individual communities. Although Hadrian's reign marked a watershed in Greek relations with Rome, these relations had already evolved significantly over the previous two generations. The two most obvious developments lay in the overlapping areas of cultural and political life. Not only did educated Greeks and Romans now share an intellectual milieu, but a renaissance of Greek literary and rhetorical activity had begun under the leadership of provincials enjoying (more often than not) close ties with Rome. At the same time, a Roman career had become more available to ambitious Greeks; a marked increase in the numbers of Greek senators may be dated to the last quarter of the first century.
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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This content downloaded from 128.210.* We are indebted once more to E. Bowie, J. Reynolds and J. J. Wilkes, who read an earlier draft of this paper. Responsibility for the views expressed and for any errors remains with the authors alone. We are grateful to J. Reynolds for her help in obtaining Plate IV, I-2 and to C. Crowther for advice about 'foreign judges'. Abbreviation: Oliver = J. H. Oliver, Marcus Aurelius: Aspects of Civic and Cultural Policy in the East, Hesperia Suppl. XIIi (I970). I A. J. Spawforth and S. Walker, 'The World of the Panhellenion. I. Athens and Eleusis', YRS LXXV (I985),78-Io4. 2Spartan history under the principate will be explored fully by A. Spawforth in a forthcoming book with Paul Cartledge on Hellenistic and Roman Sparta and Laconia. This content downloaded from 128.210.126.199 on Fri, 19 Jun 2015 12:53:26 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE WORLD OF THE PANHELLENION II 89 Synnada. Between about 133 and 140 a notable from Phrygian Synnada in the province of Asia, Tib. Claudius Attalus Andragathus, made a dedication at Sparta in connection with his city's claim to a Spartan ancestry. The activity of Andragathus at Athens and Plataea in the same period was discussed in Panhellenion I (pp. 91-2).His ties with Greece apparently stemmed from his involvement in Synnada's application for membership of the Panhellenion, the evidence for which requires some elaboration.Admission to the league partly depended on a city's ability to adduce a Greek origin (Panhellenion I, 82). In Synnada's case, the city supported its application by claiming to be founded jointly from Athens and Sparta. This claim was advertised on Synnada's coinage, which includes issues bearing variously the inscriptions EvLvvacov 'lckovcov, Acpicov 'lkvcov XuvvaEcov and Luvva&Ecv AcpIE'CV. Of the issues which bear imperial portraits and so can be readily dated, the earliest, significantly, belong to the reign of Pius.3 The foundation-legend to which these coins refer is alluded to in a fragmentary copy of a Synnadan decree, set up at Athens, which makes reference to AaKE8aipo yi'v 'ATTLK14[v----] and 'AOTIvaicOv Kai AaKE[8alpovicov]. The decree also records benefactions conferred on Synnada and mentions both Hadrian and a ClaudiusAttalus.4 As the Roberts saw, the appearance at Athens of this Synnadan decree can be linked with the Panhellenion.5 It recalls a fragmentary text also found on the Acropolis which has been identified as a decree of the city of Thyateira in the province of Asia. In accordance with a decree of the Panhellenion, this text records the benefactions which Thyateira received from the league's founder.6 Following P. Graindor, then, the aVv6piOV in the Synna...
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