El presente estudio, tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de procesos de desinfección, medio de cultivo y fitohormonas en el desarrollo morfogénico In vitro de explantes obtenidas a partir de semilla biológica de la especie Guazuma crinita Mart (Bolaina), el mismo que se realizó en el laboratorio de cultivo de tejidos y meristemas, de la Universidad Nacional de Ucayali. Para ello se desinfectaron las semillas con hipoclorito de sodio al 2%, por un espacio de 0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 minutos (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). Para promover la germinación se utilizaron medios de cultivo y combinaciones de Fitogel, Fitogel + Sacarosa, Fitogel + Sacarosa + Murashige and Skoog (MS) y Fitogel + Sacarosa + ½ MS (M1, M2, M3, M4); y para la morfogénica se aplicaron cinco tratamientos de concentración de auxinas y citoquininas homogenizadas (AC1, AC2, AC3, AC4, AC5). Del estudio se obtuvo que el T5 (desinfección con hipoclorito de sodio al 2% con exposición de 20 minutos) tuvo un 95% de sobrevivencia; mientras que en la germinación, el medio M1 (Fitogel) presentó el más alto con un 72,55%; finalmente en la morfogénica se determinó que el mejor tratamiento para inducir la formación de callos es el tratamiento AC4 (Kin 12 ppm + AIB 12 ppm), para primordios radiculares el mejor tratamiento AC5 (Kin 4 ppm + AIB 12 ppm) y se logró igual cantidad de brotes con todas las combinaciones de fitohormonas utilizadas.
In vitro growing of the Melaleuca could contribute to the cloning of superior genotypes. The studies of factors that affect the micropropagation are necessary, especially by the use of recent technologies, such as the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This study aimed at better understanding the effects of wavelengths on the development and physiology of melaleuca cultivated in vitro, as well as the interaction of LEDs with the main cytokinin used in micropropagation, the N6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The BAP and wavelengths, as well as the interaction between them, had a strong influence on most of the variables analyzed, altering the in vitro development, chlorophyll concentrations in the plants, as well as changing the different variables analyzed from the culture medium, such as pH, EC, quantities of Ca2+, Mg2+ and P in the culture media and the nutrient accumulation in the shoots. The results demonstrate that the main effects of the addition of BAP in the in vitro cultivation of melaleuca are: the increase in the number of shoots which resulted in greater increase in fresh and dry mass; reduction of height and chlorophyll contents; completely inhibition of adventitious rooting; higher consumption of Mg and lower consumption of Ca and P from the culture media; higher contents of Fe and lower contents of P, S, Mn, Cu and B in the in vitro tissues.
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