Objective: To evaluate the long-term quality of life of patients treated for head and neck cancer at a single institution in a developing country.Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a consecutive series of patients.Setting: Tertiary cancer center hospital in Brazil. Patients:Eligible subjects included patients treated between 1974 and 1999 for head and neck carcinoma who had a minimum disease-free survival of 2 years and who completed a Portuguese version of the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaire. Main Outcome Measures:Descriptive analyses of the results and comparisons of the scores for each UW-QOL domain, stratified by tumor site, were performed using nonparametric tests.Results: Findings from 344 patients were analyzed. Of the study population, 140 (41%) had survived 2 to 5 years, 125 (36%) had survived 5 to 10 years, and 79 (23%) had survived more than 10 years since treatment. Primary tumor sites were in the oral cavity in 43.3% of cases, the oropharynx in 20.9%, the larynx in 32.0%, and the hypopharynx in 3.8%. In terms of treatment, 33.1% underwent surgery alone; 16.9%, radiotherapy alone; and 50% underwent combined treatment. Overall, 78.5% of the patients classified their own health as good or excellent. Stratified analysis showed that impairment in chewing and swallowing was more common in patients with oral and oropharyngeal tumors than in those with larynx and hypopharynx tumors, and speech impairment was more frequently related to patients with larynx and hypopharynx tumors than to those with oral and oropharynx tumors. In all tumor sites, the composite scores were significantly worse in advanced tumors than early stage tumors, but the use of combined treatment had the greatest negative impact on quality-of-life scores, after we adjusted for T and N stage with multivariable analyses (PϽ.001). Conclusions:The Portuguese version of the UW-QOL questionnaire was an effective tool to evaluate quality of life in a Brazilian population. Although many patients reported some limitations, most reported a good to excellent long-term quality of life.

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This is a review on second primary tumors in patients with head and neck cancer. These patients have a high risk of developing other cancers simultaneously or subsequently. The incidence of multiple primary tumors in this population can be as high as 27%. Recurrences are the most common cause of treatment failure within the first 2 years of follow-up. After the third year the diagnosis of a second primary tumor becomes the most important cause of morbimortality in head and neck cancer patients, especially in those treated for cancers early diagnosed. Most second primary tumors occur in the upper aerodigestive tract (40%-59%), lung (31%-37.5%), and esophagus (9%-44%). Patients who develop second primary tumor have a significant reduction of survival expectancy.

RESUMO -PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ensino em neurologia, conteúdo curricular mínimo, currículo sociocêntrico, neuroepidemiologia. The most frequent neurologic disturbances: a contribution to the definition of topics for the programmatic content to the program of neurology in medical graduationABSTRACT: Introduction: Knowledge accumulation is overfilling the thematic content of medical graduation. Medical Schools must be alert to define a minimal content related with the most frequent disturbs. We intent to suggest topics for the minimal content, to the program of Neurology in medical graduation. Method: 1. To identify the places where young doctors are working outside the School Hospital (SH): we analysed the answers of the letters sent to 6415 resident -doctors (RD) in São Paulo's State and we made personal interview with 201 RD. 2. To verify the most frequent neuropsichiatric disturbs (ND) in the population: we made the analysis of the patient's diagnostic records in emergency room of three institutions: Municipal of Taubaté-SP, Municipal of São José dos Campos-SP and Faculty of Medicine of São Paulo Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Results: 1. The RD are young and, outside the SH, they work in other emergency services. 2. The most frequent diagnosis in institutions were listed:

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) have a high risk of developing second primary tumors (SPTs). Most of the studies concerning triple endoscopy (laryngoscopy, digestive tract endoscopy and bronchoscopy) describe the frequency and stage of the SPT, but not its impact on survival. This study is a matched pair analysis that included patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the UADT who were subjected to a triple endoscopy before the first treatment, matched with patients who did not undergo triple endoscopy. One hundred and thirty-five patients were included in each group. The diagnosis of an SPT was more frequent in the initial triple endoscopy group than in the control group (34 and 20 cases, respectively). In the initial triple endoscopy group, 50.0 % of these tumors were diagnosed simultaneously, whereas in the control, only 5.0 %. No significant differences in the survival rates or in clinical stage of the SPTs were found in the two groups. There was no difference in the clinical stage of the SPT and the survival rates of the patient groups who underwent triple endoscopy at the initial evaluation and those subjected to only a routine evaluation and follow-up.

In selected cases, parotidectomy under sedation plus locoregional anesthesia is feasible and safe. The careful selection of patients and the close collaboration with an anesthesiologist is the key to a successful procedure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 744-747, 2017.

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Close follow-up of the head and neck cancer patients is essential for an accurate estimate of survival by Kaplan-Meier method.