After its introduction into the State of Ceará, Brazil, in 1900, the
A peste é primordialmente uma zoonose focal de roedores silvestres transmitida por pulgas que infectam outros mamíferos: lagomorfos (coelhos e lebres), primatas não humanos, alguns insetívoros (musaranho e porco-espinho), camelos, carnívoros selvagens (raposas e gambás) e domésticos (cães e gatos). o homem infecta-se no seu próprio domicílio ou quando se expõe ao ABSTRACTThe prevalence of antibodies against Yersinia pestis in domestic carnivores (dogs and cats), in plague areas in the State of Ceará, was analyzed to establish the importance of monitoring these animals within the routine practice of the plague control program. over the decade 1997-2006, 146,732 serum samples were examined (95,883 from dogs and 50,849 from cats), of which 2,629 (2,234 from dogs and 395 from cats) proved to be positive. The prevalence among dogs (85%) was higher than among cats (15%) throughout the decade and in all places, except in ibiapina in 1998. The significance of these findings has not yet been determined. Studies on this zoonosis in Brazil have been based on paradigms that did not cover all the elements involved in the zoonosis, thus making it impossible to properly understand the role of these carnivores. Monitoring of plague foci conducted exclusively by means of dog surveys may result in progressive lack of knowledge of the epidemiological situation of plague, if supplementary inter-institutional research is not developed. .os cães e gatos, carnívoros domésticos, predadores dos roedores, infectam-se por picadas de pulgas ou consumindo tecidos infectados de roedores. Desenvolvem, então, anticorpos que permanecem detectáveis por vários meses, o que justifica a sua utilização como animais sentinela/detectores das atividades da infecção entre os roedores/reservatórios nas áreas focais 8 11 16 . o monitoramento da circulação do patógeno e a proteção das populações humanas
Resumo As atividades de vigilância sorológica da peste nos focos do Estado do Ceará detectaram elevação do número de animais indicadores/sentinela com anticorpos antipestosos a partir de 1995, com pico em 1997 evidenciando aumento da circulação do bacilo pestoso em todos os focos investigados. De um total de 110.725 amostras de soro obtidas de roedores (7.873) e carnívoros domésticos (102.852) analisadas pela técnica de hemaglutinação (HA) para detecção de anticorpos contra o antígeno F1 da Yersinia pestis, 905 revelaram-se positivas, sendo 15 de roedores (4 Rattus rattus e 11 Galea spp), 720 de cães e 170 de gatos. Dos 652 casos humanos suspeitos e contatos investigados apenas dois foram positivos pela HA e um terceiro paciente foi positivo por hemocultura. A cepa isolada revelou-se altamente patogênica para animais de laboratório e mostrou sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos usados no tratamento dos doentes. Palavras-chaves: Yersinia pestis. Peste. Vigilância. Estado do Ceará.Abstract Serological surveillance activities regarding the foci of plague in Ceará State have detected a rising number of sentinel animals with antiplague antibodies in 1995, with a peak in 1997 demonstrating an increase in the plague bacteria activities throughout all the foci investigated. From a total of 110,725 serum samples collected from rodents (7,873) and domestic carnivores (102,852) analyzed by the Hemaglutination technique (HA) for antibodies against F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis 905 samples tested positive. In these samples there were 15 rodents (4 Rattus rattus and 11 Galea spp), 720 dogs and 170 cats. Of the 652 human suspected and contact cases investigated by HA, only two were positive. A third case had a positive hemoculture for Y. pestis. The isolate is highly pathogenic for laboratory animals and showed sensitivity to the antimicrobial drugs used for plague treatment. Key-words: Yersinia pestis. Plague. Surveillance. Ceara State.
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