Wolves respond to simulated howling, especially during the mating and breeding seasons. Simulated howling points are, therefore, commonly used by many wolf researchers around the world to estimate pack numbers in a given area. A large amount of information is available on various pack breeding areas in Asturias, the only region in north-western Spain where the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus, Cabrera 1907) is not classed as a game species. Wolf research began there in the early 1980s. We present the results of the latest study on population status, conducted between July and November, 2001. Using sampling transects to detect wolf scat and scratch marks and designated howling and observation points, twenty one (21) wolf packs were definitely located, with two others considered "likely". Nineteen (19) packs were detected using howling points (n=314). The results of this study show that simulated howling points and sampling transects are reliable and inexpensive way of detecting wolf packs.
The Tower of Comares in danger of collapse. Affections in the most significant structure of the Alhambra during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuriesThis article develops a research on the outside layout of the Tower of Comares in the Alhambra (Granada), studying its transformations. It is focused on the interventions that took place at the most critical moment in its history. Between the last decades of the sixteenth century and the first ones of the seventeenth century, its general state of abandonment, the explosion of a nearby powder mill and the bad restauration practices applied in some cases, brought it to its structural limits, threatening its ruin. This process could fortunately be reversed after several technical reports on its injuries and actual conservation estate. If neglected, it would have led to the collapse of this paradigmatic example of the Nasrid regal defensive architecture.
New contributions on the chronology of the preserved remains of the medieval city walls of Almeria (Spain)The medieval city walls of Almeria have abundant references in Arabic sources and numerous preserved remains, either in all its elevation, or as small archaeological remains on the current slope and even under the ground. This circumstance has given rise to a lot of scientific literature on the chronology of each of the different existing precincts: Alcazaba, Medina, suburbs and outer enclosure. The problem lies in the fact that, since its foundation in the tenth century until the conquest by the Catholic Monarchs in 1489 and its reuse until the mid-nineteenth century, the medieval walls have undergone various repairs, extensions and reconstructions. In order to provide greater chronological precision, from the School of Arab Studies (CSIC), a Project of the State Research Plan was requested, which was granted with reference HAR2015-71609-P. It has allowed to make radiocarbon dating of wood and other building materials of the walls, in combination with studies of construction, metrological, historical techniques and restorations carried out since the mid-twentieth century. All this has allowed us to contribute new hypotheses about the chronology of the preserved remains, many of which are much more recent than the foundational walls that they have replaced.
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