Glossaries, meteorological terminologies and dictionaries play an important role in disseminating scientific knowledge of the atmospheric sciences. Currently hundreds of glossaries and meteorological terminologies can be found in many languages that cover many regions and countries. However, few of them were published before 1950 (Miloslav et al., 2022). One of the oldest publications is the Catalan meteorological terminology (Fontserè, 1948), wrote in Catalan language, an unofficial language those years, to include Catalan as a scientific language. Despite it was written in 1941, was not published until 1948 due to political reasons. Based on the original work done by Fontserè (1948), an update of the meteorological terminology in Catalan has been done including new terms and language expressions that have appeared in the period from 1948 to 2023, after 75 years after the original publication. Some of these new terms were defined by the authors previously, such us the anthropocloud (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropogenic_cloud ; Mazon et al., 2012), the flash heat (https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Flash_heat, Mazon et al., 2014), or the meteodiversity (Mazon and Pino, 2017), among others. An analysis about the number and the topics of the new terminology included in the updated version has been performed to evaluate the temporal evolution of the meteorological and climatology terminology and the knowledge of the atmospheric sciences since 1948. For instance, lot of terms on climate change and numerical simulation included in the new version cannot be found in the original work. An update of such old terminology is an opportunity to understand how meteorological language has changed, to disseminate the meteorological and climatological sciences, and also to quantify and understand the interest focus on these atmospheric sciences during the past decades.   References: Fontserè E., 1948: Assaig d'un vocabulari meteorològic català. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Barcelona. Mazon J., Costa M., Pino D., Lorente J., 2012: Clouds caused by human activities. Weather, 67, 11, 302–306. Mazon J., Pino D., and Barriendos M., 2014: Rapid and sudden advection of warm and dry air in the Mediterranean Basin. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 235–246, doi:10.5194/nhess-14-235-2014. Mazon J., Pino D. (2017) Meteodiversity: a new concept for quantifying meteorological diversity. Weather 72(5):143–145 Müller, M., Kocánová B., and Zacharov P., 2022: Meteorological Glossaries and Dictionaries: A Review of Their History and Current State. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103, E157–E180, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0295.1.
Purpose of the study: To know the main epidemiological, virological and therapeutic characteristics of HCV infection and the degree of hepatic fibrosis in a cohort of HIV-HCV co-infected patients in a health area of southeastern of Spain. Methods: Prospective cohort of co-infected HIV-HCV patients followed in the University Hospital of Saint Lucia (Spain), which describes the main epidemiological characteristics, degree of liver fibrosis assessed by transient elastography and the level of response to treatment for HCV during the period November 30, 2011–February 28, 2012. Summary of results: The cohort included 109 patients, of whom 27 were females (25%) and 82 males (75%), with a mean age of 45.8 (SD: 6.2) years and a mean time of infection of 18.8 (SD: 5.7) years. The main route of transmission was in this order: IDUs in 90 patients (83%), 13 (12%) by heterosexual intercourse and 3 (2.8%) in MSM. There were no statistically significant differences between the years of evolution of HCV based on the route of transmission (p=0.36). In the genotypic analysis, 55 patients were genotype 1a (51%), 13 genotype 1b (13%), 19 genotype 3 (17%) and 9 genotype 4 (8.3%). The median HCV viral load was 868,000 IU/ml (6.15 log10). In this cohort 31 patients (28%) received antiviral therapy for HCV: 2 (1.8%) Interferon (INF) non-pegylated, 3 (2.8%) INF non-pegylated with Ribavirin (RBV) and 25 (23%) INF pegylated with RBV. In 6 cases (19%) were achieved sustained viral response (SVR). In the 25 cases without SVR (81%), 9 (36%) were partial responders, 7 (28%) null responders, 6 (24%) relapsers and 3 (12%) discontinued treatment due to problems of tolerability. In 108 patients were determined the degree of liver fibrosis by transient elastography: 48 patients (44%) had significant fibrosis (F3–F4;>9.5 kpascal) and 30 (28%) liver cirrhosis (F4;>14.5 kpascal). In patients with F4, 5 (17%) had values between 14.5–20 kpascal, 14 (47%) values between 21–40 kpascal and 11 (37%) values over 40 kpascal. Conclusions: In our cohort, the gender predominant was male and the abuse of intravenous drugs was the main cause of HCV transmission. Most patients had genotype 1a, high viral load (>800,000 UI/mL) and a poor rate of SVR (19.3%), predominating the partial response rate among non-responders. A high proportion of patients (28%) had liver cirrhosis (F4), of which, a significant proportion of subjects (37%) were at high risk of hepatic decompensation (>40 kpascal)
Purpose of the study To know the different reasons why we decide not to treat or to delay the antiviral treatment against HCV in HIV coinfected patients. Methods Prospective cohort of HIV and HCV coinfected patients, followed in the Infectious Diseases Department of the Santa Lucia Universitary Hospital (Cartagena, Spain) between 1/12/2011 and 28/02/2012 in which we made transitory elastography. We evaluated the main reasons that moved us to decide not to treat or to delay the antiviral treatment against HCV: social‐familiar‐laboral reasons; neuro‐psychiatric severe diseases; patient decision; low grade hepatic fibrosis; previous failure to pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) in no‐1 genotype patients; delay in the approval of the triple therapy with INF‐RBV and a protease inhibitor (boceprevir or telaprevir) by the Regional Sanitary Authority; active alcohol abuse; active diseases that contraindicate the antiviral treatment, incomplete study of HCV (VL of HCV, genotype, ILB28, abdominal ecography); previous intolerance against IFN‐RBV and severe thrombocytopenia (<50×109/L). Summary of results The cohort included 109 patients, being 27 of them females (25%) and 82 males (75%), with a median of age of 45.8 years (SD: 6.2). In 98 patients (90%) we decided not to treat or to delay the antiviral treatment against HCV for one or more of the following reasons: 37 (34%) presented low grade hepatic fibrosis (<9.5 kpascal or F0‐F2); 19 (17%) had neuro‐psychiatric diseases; 18 (16.5%) were waiting for the approval of triple therapy by the Regional Sanitary Authority; 10 (9.2%) did not want to be treated; 10 (9.2%) had failure to IFN‐RBV in no‐1 genotype; 6 (5.5%) had social‐familiar‐laboral reasons; 6 (5.5%) presented active severe diseases; 4 (3.7%) were waiting to complete HCV study; 3 (2.8%) presented active alcohol abuse; 3 (2.8%) had previous intolerance against IFN‐RBV treatment and 2 (2%) had severe thrombocytopenia. Conclusions In our cohort of HIV‐HCV coinfected patients it was decided to delay or not to treat chronic hepatitis C in a significant proportion of subjects. The low grade of hepatic fibrosis measured with transitory elastography was the main reason for delaying the HCV antiviral treatment. The neuro‐psychiatric disease was the main clinical reason to not treat HCV. The delay of the approval of triple therapy treatment by the Regional Sanitary Authority was the most relevant non‐ clinical reason in our prospective study.
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