Redox-active conjugated microporous polymers (RCMPs) polymerized by conventional methods are commonly obtained as irregular insoluble solid particles making the electrode processing difficult. In this work, the synthesis of RCMP based on anthraquinone moieties (IEP-11) is developed via a two-step pathway combining miniemulsion and solvothermal techniques that results in polymer nanostructures that are much easier to disperse in solvents facilitating the fabrication of electrodes. Interestingly, this synthetic approach is also found to have an important impact on the inherent morphology of IEP-11 that exhibits a dual porosity combining micro and mesopores with a specific surface area as high as 2200 m 2 g −1 , which is one of the highest values reported for RCMPs. Moreover, the compactness of the electrodes is also improved, the resulting electrodes have triple the density than those obtained with conventional methods. Consequently, when these electrodes are tested as cathodes in Li-ion battery, they deliver high gravimetric capacities (≈100 mAh g −1 ) and extraordinary rate capability keeping 76% of discharge capacity when charged-discharged in only 12 min (@5 C). Moreover, the insoluble and robust conjugated porous structure provides IEP-11-E12 with an unprecedented cycling stability retain ≈90% and ≈60% of its initial capacity after 5000 (@2 C) and 80 000 cycles (@30 C), respectively.

DFT calculations reveal interesting structure–property relationships of the redox potentials of phenazines in non-aqueous media.

Redox-active organic compounds have become promising electrode materials for the development of more sustainable, economical, and safer batteries. However, their high electrochemical performance is inherently associated with the use of low mass-loading electrodes with high carbon content, which collectively hinders their applicability in real batteries. This work presents an innovative approach for developing high-performance and practical organic electrodes through the synthesis of anthraquinone-based conjugated microporous polymers in the presence of carbon nanostructures and further processing into self-supported buckypaper electrodes. This effective method enables high-mass-loading hybrid electrodes (up to 60 mg cm–2) with low carbon content (20 wt %), which attained high gravimetric capacity (83.7 mAh gelectrode –1), high areal capacity (6.3 mAh cm–2), good rate capability (0.8 mAh cm–2 at 10C), and remarkable cycle stability (>80% capacity retention over 1000 cycles). These are the highest values reported for an organic electrode, constituting a great leap forward in the development of practical organic batteries.

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Resumen-Pese al interés creciente que presenta la movilidad académica internacional de los estudiantes universitarios europeos para su inserción profesional posterior, el porcentaje de estudiantes españoles que participan en el programa Erasmus es todavía pequeño. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los principales obstáculos para la movilidad Erasmus percibidos por estudiantes de grado que no han participado en este programa, valorando la existencia de diferencias en función del grado (Sanitario vs. Ciencias Sociales). Se utilizó una encuesta auto-administrada elaborada para un estudio europeo previo en el que participó España. Los resultados muestran el impacto, a nivel general, de la falta de información sobre temas relevantes como: la calidad de la educación en el extranjero, o cómo van a ser evaluados, así como, las barreras económicas por becas insuficientes y retrasos en el pago de las mismas. Los obstáculos que mejor diferencian a los estudiantes de ambos grados están relacionados con la ordenación académica del grado, en concreto, bajo nivel de formación en inglés y presencia de asignaturas anuales, además de características personales del estudiante. Para incrementar la participación, se debería incidir en informar más y comunicar mejor además de incluir modificaciones en el programa académico de los grados que faciliten la movilidad internacional.