In 2004, the human population in the Santa Luzia division of the city of Funchal, Madeira, complained of aggressive mosquito biting that leftlarge skin papules.
Globalization has increased circulation of people, their food, livestock and pets in the world, and changes in the environment, climate and human behaviour have led to the rapid expansion of emerging infections throughout the world. One of the reasons of a new pathogen affecting humans is the passage from an animal to a human being. Onchocerca (O.) lupi, a filarial worm first described in a wolf in 1967, is an emerging pathogen which has been incriminated as the etiological agent for 205 canine, 2 feline and 18 human infections in Europe, Tunisia, Turkey, Iran and the USA. Most frequent findings in animals and humans are monolateral or asymmetrical variably painful subconjunctival swellings and nodules containing immature or mature worms affecting the eye and/or adjacent tissues accompanied by conjunctival hyperemia. Occasionally, subcutaneous nodules and masses affecting the spinal cord have been observed in humans. Diagnosis of O. lupi is achieved by microscopy of excised adult female worms which exhibit a particular cuticular structure and molecular analysis. Treatment consists in worm removal accompanied by antihelminthic, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy.
Obesity is the condition in which excess fat has accumulated in the body, mostly in the subcutaneous tissues. Obesity is usually considered to be present when a person is 20% above the recommended weight for his/her height and build. The accumulation of flat is caused principally by the consumption of more food than is required for producing enough energy for daily activities. Other factors can contribute for the obesity, such as: individual genetics characteristics; physical inactivity; a diet high in simple carbohydrates; frequency of eating; medications; psychological factors; diseases such as hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, and Cushi. As is logical, obesity has health consequences. Effectively, there are different illnesses connected to obesity, namely: diabetes, sleep apnea, and even cancer, heart disease and stroke, high blood pressure, gallbladder disease and gallstones, osteoarthritis, gout. 42
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.