Responding to recent concerns about the reliability of the published literature in psychology and other disciplines, we formed the X-Phi Replicability Project (XRP) to estimate the reproducibility of experimental philosophy (osf.io/dvkpr). Drawing on a representative sample of 40 x-phi studies published between 2003 and 2015, we enlisted 20 research teams across 8 countries to conduct a high-quality replication of each study in order to compare the results to the original published findings. We found that x-phi studiesas represented in our samplesuccessfully replicated about 70% of the time. We discuss possible reasons for this relatively high replication rate in the field of experimental philosophy and offer suggestions for best research practices going forward.

Voltage-gated sodium channel Na 1.7 is required for acute and inflammatory pain in mice and humans but its significance for visceral pain is unknown. Here we examine the role of Na 1.7 in visceral pain processing and the development of referred hyperalgesia using a conditional nociceptor-specific Na 1.7 knockout mouse (Na 1.7 ) and selective small-molecule Na 1.7 antagonist PF-5198007. Na 1.7 mice showed normal nociceptive behaviours in response to intracolonic application of either capsaicin or mustard oil, stimuli known to evoke sustained nociceptor activity and sensitization following tissue damage, respectively. Normal responses following induction of cystitis by cyclophosphamide were also observed in both Na 1.7 and littermate controls. Loss, or blockade, of Na 1.7 did not affect afferent responses to noxious mechanical and chemical stimuli in nerve-gut preparations in mouse, or following antagonism of Na 1.7 in resected human appendix stimulated by noxious distending pressures. However, expression analysis of voltage-gated sodium channel α subunits revealed Na 1.7 mRNA transcripts in nearly all retrogradely labelled colonic neurons, suggesting redundancy in function. By contrast, using comparative somatic behavioural models we identify that genetic deletion of Na 1.7 (in Na 1.8-expressing neurons) regulates noxious heat pain threshold and that this can be recapitulated by the selective Na 1.7 antagonist PF-5198007. Our data demonstrate that Na 1.7 (in Na 1.8-expressing neurons) contributes to defined pain pathways in a modality-dependent manner, modulating somatic noxious heat pain, but is not required for visceral pain processing, and advocate that pharmacological block of Na 1.7 alone in the viscera may be insufficient in targeting chronic visceral pain.

Rising hostility between members of opposing political factions has gained considerable attention in both academic and popular press. The adverse effects of this phenomenon are widely recognized, but its psychological antecedents remain the focus of ongoing debate in political psychology. Past research has honed in on two conflicting explanations: one highlights the extent to which people self-define as supporters of particular parties or candidates (the identity view), and another points toward the intensity with which they disagree on substantive matters of policy (the issues view). A nationally representative survey of 1051 eligible Spanish voters yielded support for both explanations. The perceived magnitude and nature of disagreement were associated with increased partisan prejudice, while controlling for partisan identification. Path analyses revealed that issue-based prejudice was more pronounced among ideologically extreme agents ( β = 0.237, 95% CI [0.174, 0.300]) than toward extreme targets ( β = 0.140, 95% CI [0.078, 0.201]), and replicated recent findings that identity-based prejudice is motivated primarily by non-instrumental factors ( β = 0.286, 95% CI [0.230, 0.337]). Together, these results indicate that discrimination across party lines responds to two fundamentally distinct, though at times co-occurring, imperatives: to coalesce in ideologically homogeneous communities, and to protect one’s sense of partisan identity.

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Este artículo presenta una alternativa a la dicotomía entre razones motivacionales y razones normativas. En Practical Reality (PR), Dancy mantiene que ambas razones se identifican con estados externos al agente —"tesis de la identidad" (TI)—. Hay dos argumentos en PR a favor de la TI: El primero se basa en una interpretación externista del significado de "tener una razón". El segundo presenta una vía indirecta, defendiendo que las adscripciones de razones según estados psicológicos internos no son casos centrales en las explicaciones normativas. Estas dos críticas ignorarían una fuerte intuición normativa: el "acceso epistémico". Si ésta es persuasiva, los estados internos no pueden ser eliminables.

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Resumen. Lo que sigue es un comentario crítico de El buen profesional, de Damián Salcedo (2015, pp. 17-24). En este artículo se ofrece una caracterización de la integridad profesional, y de algunos de los dilemas que se le plantean al trabajador social en su práctica cotidiana, a partir de una caracterización formal de nuestros juicios morales. Se asume, en el citado texto, que un trabajo previo de clarificación conceptual -eminentemente filosófico y centrado en el tipo de razones que sustentan nuestros juicios morales-podría ser de ayuda a la hora de analizar conflictos y dilemas profesionales típicos. Asumiendo que cualquier dominio profesional debería prestar atención a aquellos datos científicos que serían relevantes para explicar la labor que se desarrolla dentro del dominio en cuestión, este comentario explora las consecuencias que para la ética profesional tendría una caracterización filosófica de nuestra capacidad moral que sea «empíricamente informada». Se defenderá en este comentario que esta información empírica debería modular de modo importante las demandas a las que el profesional está sujeto y seguramente también debería llevarnos a repensar los mecanismos institucionales que podrían reforzar una correcta práctica profesional. Palabras clave: Ética normativa; meta-ética; razones; intuiciones morales; psicología moral.[en] Moral philosophy and professional practice: a critical commentary Abtract. The presented text is a critical commentary of Damián Salcedo's «The Good Professional» (2015, pp. 17-24). This work offers a characterisation of professional integrity and of certain dilemmas that face social workers in their daily practice, from the starting point of a formal characterisation of our moral judgments. The work assumes that a previous task of conceptual clarification -essentially philosophical and focused on the type of reasons that underpin our moral judgments-may be of assistance in analysing typical professional conflicts and dilemmas.Assuming that any professional domain should pay attention to the scientific data that would be useful in explaining the work that is carried out within it, this commentary explores the consequences for professional ethics of applying an «empirically informed» philosophical characterisation of our moral capacity. This commentary will argue that this empirical information should significantly shape the demands to which professionals are subject and should certainly also lead us to rethink the institutional mechanisms that could reinforce proper professional practice. Sumario: 1. La integridad profesional: una perspectiva formal. 2. Los tres compromisos básicos del enfoque formal. 3. Por una Filosofía Moral más empírica. 4. Referencias bibliográficas.

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