Objective: To compare the social representations content of unemployment of inhabitants of diverse cultural contexts and different population groups. Methodology: 690 people (356 women and 334 men) participated, selected by purposeful sampling. The free listing technique was applied to them; the data was analyzed by the thematic content analysis. Results: The categories were found: economic components, personal and social effects, negative emotions and coping with unemployment. All the participants show coincidences in representing unemployment with a global vision, as an unemployed time, without money, that generates poverty, negative emotions, personal and social effects, most included proposals for individual coping and few social coping. Conclusion: Differences were found by age groups and by place of origin. Highlighting the population perspective allows access to their world of meanings and generates bases to establish proposals for individual, institutional and social intervention.
Este estudio compara el contenido de las representaciones sociales del concepto de empleo de habitantes de diversos contextos culturales (México, Colombia, Ecuador y España) y diferentes grupos poblacionales (estudiantes de bachillerato, estudiantes universitarios y población adulta). Participaron 690 personas, seleccionadas por muestreo propositivo, a las cuales se les aplicó la técnica de listados libres. El análisis fue por el método de análisis de contenido temático. Los diferentes grupos de participantes muestran coincidencias al representar el empleo con diferentes dimensiones como son el aspecto económico, los requisitos para obtenerlo, así como los beneficios personales y sociales derivados; y, en menor medida, los aspectos sociales y negativos del mismo. Se observaron algunas diferencias por los distintos contextos culturales y grupos de edad.
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