The diagnostic criteria and management of this condition continue to be a topic of debate in the literature. The term definitive symptomatic LOVA (longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults) is applied to patients that fulfil a series of diagnostic criteria,which are reviewed in our paper. The main subject of our study is to propose a rearrangement of the criteria for the diagnosis of this entity and adjusted treatment strategies. We present our data evaluating the role of endoscopy in this pathology. This descriptive and analytical study comprised 27 adult patients with LOVA who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Data regarding age, gender and onset of symptoms, a previously implanted shunt, clinical examination and radiological findings at the time of diagnosis, and the intracranial pressure (ICP) recordings in some cases, were carefully retrospectively reviewed. ETV success was determined based on clinical state and radiological criteria. ETV was performed in all 27 cases. Mean follow up period was 4.2 years (6 months to 8 years). 2/27 patients (7.40%) were lost to follow-up. The overall success rate for ETV was 76% (21/25 patients). ETV resulted in shunt independency in two of the three patients with a previous shunt. Based on our results, we believe that ETV must be considered as the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic LOVA.

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Central autonomic control nuclei and pathways are mainly integrated within the brainstem, especially in the medulla oblongata. Lesions within these structures can lead to central dysautonomia.Central autonomic control structures can be damaged by tumors, during surgery, or by other neurosurgical pathologies. These may elicit clinical or subclinical autonomic complications that can constitute a serious clinical problem.The authors present a broad review of the central autonomic nervous system, its possible dysfunctions, and the relation between neurosurgery and this "not-well-known system". Preliminary results of an autonomic study of brainstem lesions that is currently being carried out by the authors are also shown.

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Progressive ventricular dilatation may arise from a meningoencephalocele/CSF leak in paediatric patients. Early identification and repair of the meningoencephalocele are critical to avoid development of complications.

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