Vinasse, a residue from bioethanol production containing high organic matter concentration, was used as substrate in submerged fermentation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1 for biosurfactant production. About 2.7 g/L of rhamnolipids was obtained, with surface tension of 29.2 mN/m and critical micelle concentration of 80.3 mg/L. After separation of rhamnolipid and biomass, residual fermentation media were submitted to anaerobic biodegradation in mesophilic conditions. The residual medium derived from fermentation with vinasse diluted to 1 : 1, without addition of nitrogen, C : N 21, and for 168 h, led to 63.2% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and 97.6 mL CH4/g CODremoved. Compared to results obtained with fresh vinasse (73.7% COD removal and 112.4 mL CH4/g CODremoved), it could be concluded that both processes can be integrated in order to add value to the residue and obtain energy, reducing production costs and at the same time environmental impacts related to vinasse disposal.
Yeast Surface Display (YSD) is a strategy to anchor proteins on the yeast cell wall which has been employed to increase enzyme stability thus decreasing production costs. Lipase B from Candida antarctica (LipB) is one of the most studied enzymes in the context of industrial biotechnology. This study aimed to assess the biochemical features of this important biocatalyst when immobilized on the cell surface of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris using the YSD approach. For that purpose, two anchors were tested. The first (Flo9) was identified after a prospection of the P. pastoris genome being related to the family of flocculins similar to Flo1 but significantly smaller. The second is the Protein with Internal Repeats (Pir1) from P. pastoris. An immunolocalization assay showed that both anchor proteins were able to display the reporter protein EGFP in the yeast outer cell wall. LipB was expressed in P. pastoris fused either to Flo9 (FLOLIPB) or Pir1 (PIRLIPB). Both constructions showed hydrolytic activity towards tributyrin (>100 U/mgdcw and >80 U/mgdcw, respectively), optimal hydrolytic activity around 45°C and pH 7.0, higher thermostability at 45°C and stability in organic solvents when compared to a free lipase.
A comunicação bancária tem registrado uso intenso de novas tecnologias e conteúdos, caso do net banking, o que gera novas possibilidades e relações com o cliente bancário. Trata-se de um consumidor que é incentivado a conhecer os serviços oferecidos por meio de novos canais, a visualizar esses atributos, mas se ele detectar restrições informativas ou falhas na comunicação, irá se manifestar de alguma forma. Muitos consumidores lidam com fraudes ou danos causados pelo sistema de acesso virtual disponibilizado pelos bancos. Tal contexto apresenta inovações no sistema de comunicação protagonizado pelos bancos e consumidores midiatizados pela internet. Objetivo: Descrever a comunicação bancária voltada para a prevenção de danos quando do uso de seus websites pelos consumidores. Metodologia: Foram pesquisados os websites dos bancos Bradesco, Itaú e Banco do Brasil, além de pesquisa de opinião com 130 usuários do net banking desses bancos. Resultados: Os bancos reservam em seus websites espaços específicos e não padronizados para a prevenção de danos ao consumidor no uso do net banking, enquanto os clientes usam tais serviços de forma parcial. Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados não podem ser generalizados, servindo o presente estudo como degrau para que outros trabalhos possam aprofundar o objeto de estudo apresentado a fim de dimensionar com maior amplitude e representatividade a gestão da prevenção de danos ao consumidor no contexto do net banking.
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