It was found that, for the systems examined here, the concentration range could be extended up to -8 X M (PK 0.8) before any systematic deviations between the calculated and experimental values appeared; these deviations would suggest that we were "forcing a fit" to the data (i.e., absorbing deviations arising from inadequacies in the theoretical treatment into one or more of the parameters, a, KA, etc.), so that the equations are valid within the concentration ranges we used.In conclusion, use of the Quint-Viallard equation makes possible a more rigorous analysis of data for many systems, for which at present no satisfactory treatment is available. For the alkaline earth halides this has enabled the association constants for the equilibrium M2+ + X-= MX+ and the limiting conductivity of the charged ion pair MX+ to be determined. Acknowledgment. One of us (R.J.W.) thanks the Science Research Council for their financial support. Supplementary Material Available: (i) A table listing the molar concentration and corresponding equivalent conductances for BaC12 and SrClz in MeOH at 25 "C; (ii) Appendix I, a corrected version of the Quint-Viallard equation; and (iii) Appendix 11, an outline of a "leastsquares" curve fitting computer program for the analysis of data for associated 2:l and 3:l salts (7 pages). Ordering information is available on any current masthead page.The mutual diffusion coefficient for bovine serum albumin and polystyrene particles was measured as a function of concentration in aqueous solutions of potassium chloride. A simple capillary method based on a principle of hydrodynamic stability was used to obtain the data which were interpreted assuming a linear concentration dependence: D = Do[l + k C ] , where C is the albumin or latex concentration. We found for both species that (1) Do was independent of ionic strength, (2) the coefficient h was positive (at pH ~6 ) , and (3) the value of k increased as ionic strength decreased. For example, with serum albumin k increased from 0.6 to 130 cm3/g when the ionic strength was reduced from 0.1 to 0.001 M. Our results were compared with calculations from theoretical models of interacting Brownian particles and the agreement was good. This work demonstrates that the concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient is not unique, even for a given species, but rather is sensitive to solution properties such as pH or ionic strength which affect the interaction energy between two particles. It may be that practical application can be made of this sensitivity.

To solve common bottlenecks in the innovation and development process known as the "European Paradox" or the "Latin American Innovative Gap", we introduce different experiences of training and education at graduate level. The main objective of this study is to analyze different cases from Europe and Latin America to synthetize a model of technology and innovation management. Conceptually, the model focuses on competences, tools, skills and behaviors. From this knowledge base, we derive a new model of learning for higher education, using an organizational framework. Our model of learning includes different ways to obtain a panoply of competencies to identify technology and innovation management issues at individual business and regional level, particularly for small-and-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The model addresses innovation challenges related to new innovative relationships and product opportunities emerging from traditional sectors, but also from nanotechnology, biotech and ICT fields, with particular emphasis on environmental and sustainability problems. We suggest that our two models may serve as the foundation for designing a curricular master's program for higher education, in accordance with the Latin American and European realities.

The Hoshin Kanri is a strategic planning system that possesses the particular capability to solve the most typical problems of implementing such a plan, within organizations. Its Japanese origin has not been an obstacle for its adoption and implementation in firms and organizations of different origins, as this article shows. There still are many difficulties and few experiences for implementing it in SMEs, both in Argentina and at the international scale. The work's objective is to describe Hoshin's planning, providing evidence of its Argentine dissemination, and analyzing the feasibility of its implementation within domestic SMEs. Finally, some necessary conditions for implementing Hoshin are detailed, most of them of operative character, considering some of the specific features of this type of firm.

El presente trabajo describe una experiencia piloto de un proceso de transferencia de tecnología llevada a cabo en la provincia de Salta, región noroeste de Argentina, cuyo objetivo fue la transferencia de conocimiento y saberes prácticos para producir cocinas solares. La particularidad de esta experiencia radica en que la transferencia se ha realizado desde un centro de Investigación y Desarrollo público a una cooperativa de trabajo de la provincia. En el trabajo se describe detalladamente todas las etapas del proceso de transferencia, los métodos que se han implementado para su ejecución, y una síntesis de las principales recomendaciones a considerar para futuras experiencias en proyectos de transferencia de tecnología.

Nanotechnology innovation has peculiar characteristics. This paper reviews the methodology and results, drawn from cases analyzed on two EU projects: EULASUR and EULACERMAT. The cases covers both European and Latin American experiences, particularly from Mercosur countries. We analyze specifically nanotechnology innovation based on new and advanced materials. The main conclusion of this paper is that innovation in advanced materials, based on nanotechnology, relies crucially on networks of cooperative agents. It starts from the validated assumption that innovation is interactive in nature. Therefore, it is needed to co-create through the participation to obtain feasible results. The position of advanced materials within the related (new or existent) value chains explains to a great extend the border conditions for innovating in this nanotechnology field. It appeared clearly that innovation in this field is a complex problem, with the same degree as researching (nanoscience), and that the connections between them were not obvious nor simple.