Wireless transmission of cortical signals is an essential step to improve the safety of epilepsy procedures requiring seizure focus localization and to provide chronic recording of brain activity for Brain Computer Interface (BCI) applications. Our group developed a fully implantable and externally rechargeable device, able to provide wireless electrocorticographic (ECoG) recording and cortical stimulation (CS). The first prototype of a wireless multi-channel very low power ECoG system was custom-designed to be implanted on non-human primates. The device, named ECOGIW-16E, is housed in a compact hermetically sealed Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) enclosure, allowing seamless battery recharge. ECOGIW-16E is recharged in a wireless fashion using a special cage designed to facilitate the recharge process in monkeys and developed in accordance with guidelines for accommodation of animals by Council of Europe (ETS123). The inductively recharging cage is made up of nylon and provides a thoroughly novel experimental setting on freely moving animals. The combination of wireless cable-free ECoG and external seamless battery recharge solves the problems and shortcomings caused by the presence of cables leaving the skull, providing a safer and easier way to monitor patients and to perform ECoG recording on primates. Data transmission exploits the newly available Medical Implant Communication Service band (MICS): 402–405 MHz. ECOGIW-16E was implanted over the left sensorimotor cortex of a macaca fascicularis to assess the feasibility of wireless ECoG monitoring and brain mapping through CS. With this device, we were able to record the everyday life ECoG signal from a monkey and to deliver focal brain stimulation with movement elicitation.
The study of abnormal electrical activity of the brain, such as epilepsy, is attracting more and more interest for its wide impact on the population. Intracranial EEG recording (electrocorticogaphy; EcoG) and direct cortical stimulation (DCS) are, nowadays, the most accurate and reliable techniques to map cortical function and to identify the boundaries of an epileptic focus. In this work we present the preliminary testing of intra-operative ECoG and DCS performed in a non-human primate using a new custom-made fully-implantable wireless 16channels device (Patent Number: WO2012143850), called ECOGW-16E. This fully-integrated device, housed in a compact hermetically sealed Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) enclosure, exploits the newly available Medical Implant Communication Service band (MICS: 402-405 MHz). ECOGW-16E is wirelessly rechargeable using a special designed cage for recharge, developed in accordance with guidelines for accommodation of animals by Council of Europe.
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