At the end of 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported pneumonia that started in Wuhan, China, as a global emergency problem. Researchers quickly advanced in research to try to understand this COVID-19 and sough solutions for the front-line professionals fighting this fatal disease. One of the tools to aid in the detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease is computed tomography (CT). CT images provide valuable information on how this new disease affects the lungs of patients. However, the analysis of these images is not trivial, especially when researchers are searching for quick solutions. Detecting and evaluating this disease can be tiring, time-consuming, and susceptible to errors. Thus, in this study, we aim to automatically segment infections caused by COVID19 and provide quantitative measures of these infections to specialists, thus serving as a support tool. We use a database of real clinical cases from Pedro Ernesto University Hospital of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The method involves five steps: lung segmentation, segmentation and extraction of pulmonary vessels, infection segmentation, infection classification, and infection quantification. For the lung segmentation and infection segmentation tasks, we propose modifications to the traditional U-Net, including batch normalization, leaky ReLU, dropout, and residual block techniques, and name it as Residual U-Net. The proposed method yields an average Dice value of 77.1% and an average specificity of 99.76%. For quantification of infectious findings, the proposed method achieves results like that of specialists, and no measure presented a value of ρ < 0.05 in the paired t-test. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method as a tool to help medical professionals combat COVID-19. fight the COVID-19.
The great number of lawsuits against energy companies has highlighted the difficult problem of identifying and eliminating failures of services in the energy sector. This work proposes a methodology to predict the issue of new lawsuits in the energy sector on a client database and the identification of factors correlated factors. The methodology is divided into 4 stages: (a) data acquisition; (b) feature engineering; (c) feature selection; and (d) classification. The method was performed in a database with more than fifty thousand consumers and shows to be robust in the task of identifying the unregistered power consumption lawsuits prediction by achieved an accuracy of 92.89%; specificity of 94.27%; sensitivity of 88.79%; and precision of 83.84%. Thus, we demonstrate the feasibility of using LSTM to solve the problem of unregistered power consumption lawsuits prediction. Resumo: O grande número de ações judiciais contra empresas de distribuição de energia destaca o difícil problema de identificar e solucionar falhas de serviços neste setor. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para identificar novas ações judiciais no setor de energia baseado em informações do relacionamento cliente com a companhia, além da identificação de fatores correlacionados. A metodologiaé basicamente dividida em 4 etapas: (a) aquisição de dados; (b) engenharia de características; (c) seleção de características; e (d) classificação usando LSTM. O método foi realizado em um banco de dados com mais de cinquenta mil consumidores e mostra-se robusto na tarefa de identificar a predição de ações judiciais de consumo de energia não registrada por meio de uma acurácia de 92,89%; especificidade de 94,27%; sensibilidade de 88,79%; e precisão de 83,84%. Assim, demonstra-se a viabilidade de usar o LSTM para resolver o problema da predição de processos judiciais de consumo de energia não registrados.
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