Objective. To analyze sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with vulnerability to HIV according to sexual orientation. Method. is is a cross-sectional study conducted using data on 3,818 people in the city of Imperatriz, Brazil, during 2015 and 2016. e survey's questionnaires addressed sociodemographic and behavioral variables. For the data analysis, association (chi-square test) and strength of association (odds ratio) were observed. A significance level of 푝 < 0.05 and adjustment for age and gender were taken into consideration. Results. A substantial portion of the sample stated they were heterosexual (88.8%). ese individuals demonstrated a lower chance of HIV infection (푝 < 0.001), sexually transmitted infections (푝 < 0.001), alcohol use (푝 < 0.001) and condom use (푝 < 0.001), compared to men who have sex with men and/or bisexuals. In this group, a er adjusting for confounding variables, the factors associated with HIV infection were being male (푝 < 0.001), unmarried (푝 < 0.001), having completed higher education (푝 < 0.001) and boasting multiple sexual partners (푝 < 0.001). Conclusion. Behavioral and sociodemographic factors of vulnerability to HIV are predominant among men who have sex with men and/or are bisexual.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by an acid-resistant bacillus called Mycobacterium leprae and the disease is characterized by its slow multiplication, with an excessively long incubation period. The objective of the research was to evaluate the spatial distribution of leprosy cases among the municipalities of the State of Goiás in 2020. This is a descriptive study and the data collection took place from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in November, 2021 and it considered the diagnosis´ year and the patient’s municipality of residence. The following indicators were adopted in the analysis: a) annual prevalence rate per 10,000 inhabitants; b) annual rate of new cases detection in the general population; and c) annual rate of new cases detection in individuals under 15 years of age, these last two per 100,000 inhabitants. The analysis of the spatial occurrence pattern of leprosy in Goiás State municipalities was carried out in the free software Terraview version 4.2.2. A higher prevalence of distribution of the gross rate of the disease was observed in the Central-North and Central-West macro-regions, with a concentration of cases also in the Northeast region of the State. From the 246 Goiás municipalities, 68.7% (n = 169) had cases of leprosy, 18.3% (n = 45) were in a situation of hyperendemia and 23.2% (n = 57) had a very high detection coefficient. Considering the rate of detection in those people under 15 years of age, only 11 municipalities (4.5%) were in a situation of hyperendemia and 1.2% (n = 3) had a very high detection coefficient (5.00 to 9.99/ 10.000 inhabitants). The current investigation indicates the maintenance of leprosy hyperendemic areas in the State of Goiás, when compared to previous studies. This finding highlights the importance of readjustment of leprosy management and assistance in municipalities at greater risk of leprosy hyperendemicity in order to interrupt the M. leprae transmission chain.
KEY WORDS: Leprosy; prevalence; spatial distribution; Goiás State.
Resumo: Homens que fazem sexo com homens e pessoas transexuais são desproporcionalmente afetadas por infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em razão dos comportamentos de riscos e de sua posição de vulnerabilidade na sociedade. Assim, objetivou-se estimar a prevalência da infecção pelo herpes-vírus simples 1 e 2 e possíveis variáveis de risco associadas à infecção em população de mulheres transgêneras e travesti em Goiânia (GO). Estudo transversal realizado com 439 mulheres transexuais e travestis utilizando o método de amostragem Respondent Driven Sampling. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Goiás e, após a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, foi aplicado um questionário com dados sociodemográficos e comportamentos de risco para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e coletaram-se amostras de sangue para os ensaios. Todas as amostras foram submetidas a detecção dos marcadores sorológicos IgG anti- herpes-vírus simples 1/2 pelo ensaio imunoenzimático. O grupo foi composto majoritariamente de mulheres jovens, com até 30 anos de idade, solteiras, de cor não branca e que cursaram o ensino médio. A prevalência estimada para o herpes-vírus simples 1/2 foi de 97,7% (intervalo de confiança 95% 99,14-99,06); a maioria das mulheres iniciou a vida sexual com até 15 anos de idade e relatou mais de quatro parcerias sexuais nos últimos sete dias. Do total, 45,6% referiram ser profissionais do sexo e 43,7% já ter tido alguma infecção sexualmente transmissível. Observou-se baixa frequência de uso do preservativo nas relações sexuais oral e anal, com parcerias fixas e eventuais. Uma parcela significativa das participantes referiu ter sofrido violência física, sexual, psicológica e verbal. Rejeição familiar foi reportada por 62,5% e 82,6% referiram sexo com álcool. Do total, 12,1% referiram não fazer uso de serviços de saúde. Conclui-se que esses dados possam subsidiar melhorias no atendimento dessa população no âmbito da saúde pública considerando as especificidades identificadas e a alta prevalência de herpes-vírus simples encontrada em consonância com os comportamentos de riscos associados.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.