The concept of national and regional development strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are studied for a long time, as small and medium businesses are the foundation of the economy and the basis for effective country functioning. The business development program of the European Union countries is particularly interesting because there are several levels that correspond to each other and give full effect on the SMEs development. The EU standards are higher than in non-EU countries; therefore, it is worth considering legislative documents, as well as statistics showing the indicators of openness and access to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The complexity and comparative novelty of studying such a problem in Ukraine led to the need to explore sources of information in the original language due to the lack of information in Ukrainian or Russian. All these suggest that the problem of creating strategies at the national and regional level is more relevant and important to study in the West that demonstrates the current state. The subject of the study is to analyse the effectiveness of implementing strategies for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as the impact of national and regional policies on their functioning and development in the European Union countries. Methodology. The authors highlighted the peculiarities and main features of the development strategies implementation for small and medium-sized enterprises in the EU countries through a comparative analysis of the legislative framework, statistical and other data that help assess the performance and effectiveness of the implemented strategies. The content analysis helps to identify peculiarities of the implemented strategies in quantitative and qualitative forms. The thorough analysis using the above-mentioned methods allowed doing a qualitative study of national and regional strategies in the context of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the EU countries. Practical importance is that the results of this study will lead to a wider acquaintance with progressive strategic methods of management of small and medium-sized enterprises. This will enable the plan development of concrete actions to improve the efficiency of enterprise management in less developed countries. In turn, raising awareness on this issue will reduce the number of inefficient and non-innovative enterprises. Scientific novelty of the article is to determine the theoretical basis of the differences that at the current development stage are increasingly manifested as certain contradictions in the compilation and improvement of small and medium-sized enterprises, development of strategies at the national and regional levels. Small and medium-sized enterprises, in their turn, have a wider access to their development. Conclusions. As a result of the main development strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises of the EU countries, there should be identified the differences and common features of dif...
The complexity and multidimensionality of international migration, as a form of international economic relations in the current conditions of the global economy, requires a review of scientific approaches to its study and understanding. The paper aims to develop a systematic study of the international migration of human resources under conditions of social transformation, by analyzing the positive and negative economic consequences for labor-exporting and labor-importing countries. The methods of cognition used in this study included statistical methods and comparative analysis, to assess the geo-economic risks facing countries and regions; economic–mathematical modeling with correlation–regression to build a model for assessing the attractiveness of migration, and for verification and testing of the model; and a graphic–analytical approach to illustrate the examined processes. As a result, a system of determinants of the formation of motives for migration is suggested. These include economic, socio-demographic, political–security, linguistic–cultural, and ecological–natural determinants. The suggested mechanism for parameterizing the migration attractiveness of countries is the identification of which indicators should be taken into account when studying and formalizing the preconditions of migration processes. Based on the identified need to compare countries according to factors of “attraction–repulsion”, using the proposed list of determinants of migration motives, a model of a country’s migration attractiveness was formalized. The model was tested using EU indicators for 2014–2020. The relationship between migration attractiveness and the number of asylum applications in the EU was analyzed, and a high inverse relationship density was established. As a result, the use of the developed model makes it possible to explain and predict migration flows between countries, through the prism of the migratory attractiveness of countries for potential migrants.
Digital technologies are an important part of the hotel and tourism industry, which are driving its rapid development. The aim of this article is to investigate the main trends in the use of digital tools in the development of the hotel and tourism digital industry. The results demonstrate several key trends in the use of digital tools for the development of the hospitality and tourism digital industry. A key trend of the hospitality industry is self-booking and travel arrangements made by tourists, in particular through online agencies. Thus the needs of consumers in the hospitality and travel industry have contributed to the development of new technological solutions. This has led to increased digitalisation of the travel and hospitality industry as a component of the digital economy. The next important trend is the growth of the online travel market (e-commerce sites and sightseeing sites). Among the key areas of digital tools for the hospitality and travel industry are: digital marketing in the travel industry; digital presence of companies through travel websites; digital presence of consumers through online travel search, online booking and travel planning technologies; social media. Cloud computing and big data, blockchain and travel apps are among the most used technologies in the hospitality and travel industry. It is these digital tools that allow users to book travel services themselves (hotel reservations, travel bookings, ticket purchases, short-term rentals, etc.).
The article examines the issue of improving the system of financing higher education in Ukraine. The study has been conducted both on the basis of the experience of developed countries and taking into account the peculiarities for financing the educational environment in Ukraine. The main purpose of the study is to manage the financial support of higher education in order to achieve positive dynamics of its development to fully meet the needs of the population in quality and affordable education, as well as the needs of the business environment in qualified professionals. The article reveals the priorities for improving the higher education funding system, analyzes foreign experience in the distribution of financial resources between universities, identifies the main problems, risks and areas of education in Ukraine. The main measures aimed at overcoming the problems in higher education financing have been analyzed. In particular, the most relevant tools for developing partnerships between the state and business structures have been studied. It has been established that the use of foreign experience in diversifying sources of funding institutions of higher education is of a strategic nature and will contribute to the full satisfaction of the population's needs in quality and affordable education, as well as the business environment needs in qualified professionals.
In 2019, the United Nations General Assembly declared 2021 the International Year of the Creative Economy for Sustainable Development, recognizing the growing role of the creative industry in the economic development of both developed and developing countries. The importance of CI, which lies at the crossroads of art, business and technology, is constantly growing, they have become a strategic direction for increasing competitiveness, productivity, employment and sustainable economic growth (UNCTAD 2019). Creative industries are types of economic activities aimed at cr eating added value and jobs through cultural (artistic) and / or creative expression, respectively, their products and services are the result of individual or joint creativity, skills and talen. These economic activities include activities that are directly related to the creation of a creative product. At the same time, a significant contribution to the creative economy is made by related areas that provide support, facilitate, service and/or enable the creation, production and distribution of a product generated by the creative industries. UNESCO has defined the creative industries as industries whose purpose is to "create, produce and commercialize creative content that are intangible and cultural in nature". The main directions of creative goods export are Germany, the Russian Federation, Poland, Denmark, Belarus and Latvia. The largest suppliers of creative goods to Ukraine are China, Turkey, Poland, Germany and Italy. Over the last two decades, there has been a growing understanding of the importance of creative industries for society and the economy through the dissemination of concepts, ideas, skills, knowledge, which contribute to the development of innovation, technological progress, quality of life, etc. In particular, creative industries are important drivers of economic and social innovation in the economy. Creative industries contribute to the introduction of new ideas and technologies in other sectors, increase their productivity and competitiveness.
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