Green leafy kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) has huge scientific attention because of its health-promoting functionality. In the present study the impact of NPK, energen, biostim and humate on flavonoid, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline and soluble sugar in kale was investigated. The mineral nutrients mostly increased but in some cases maintained the studied metabolites. The stimulatory effect of applied mineral nutrients on the phytochemicals analyzed varied with the different combinations of macro and microelements. Lipid peroxidation was minimized in leaves treated with mineral nutrients hence a reduction in MDA levels. Contrary to the correlation between nitrogen deficiency and increase in polyphenol and vitamin C content in plants, NPK and biostim did not reduce phenolic compound levels. The results of this study showed that NPK maximized the synthesis of vitamin C and proline; energen - phenolic compounds, carotenoids and sugar; biostim – phenolic compounds, proteins and sugar; humate – flavonoids and sugar in curly kale. Therefore, the type of macronutrient and micronutrients combination increases phytochemicals in differently. To enhance the synthesis of phenolic compounds and vitamins, the most promising additives are those containing humic acids (humate and energen), and biostim proved to be more effective for the synthesis of proteins. Background. The understanding of how diet affects the incidence or treatment of disease has led to a rise in consumer’s demand for functional foods as well as created the market for natural sources of health benefitting compounds rather than the synthetic sources. Curly kale has gained scientific attention as a functional food because it contains higher levels of phytochemicals than most vegetables. These phytochemicals have shown antioxidant, antimutagenic, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antiviral activities. However, the content levels of these metabolites are influenced by not only genetic but environmental factors. It was of interest to evaluate how various mineral nutrients can elicit the accumulation of these compounds that minimize the risk of chronic diseases or aid in their treatment. Purpose. Evaluate how the mineral nutrients, NPK, energen, biostim and humate affect the content of metabolites (proteins, sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, MDA and proline) in curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica). Materials and methods. Sprouts from kale seed kept wet in a Petri dish for 7 days were transferred to the field. At 6 weeks old four mineral nutrients (NPK, energen, humate and biostim) were added to the soil. Control variants were treated with water. A week later, the leaves were harvested after which, the phenolic compound, flavonoid, protein, sugar, vitamin C, carotenoid, MDA and proline contents were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Results. It was shown that humate fertilizer elicited the highest accumulation of flavonoids. Kale plants fertilized with energen were observed to have the highest phenolic compound content. NPK, energen and humate caused a similarly positive effect on vitamin C content in leaves, unlike biostim whose effect did not significantly differ from control plants. Energen treated kale had the highest increment of carotenoids. A varied reduction of MDA levels in plants treated with all four mineral nutrients was observed in kale leaves. Plants fertilized with biostim accrued the highest protein content in leaves. Proline content increased under the influence of all fertilizers studied. Sugar levels for all kale plants treated with the studied mineral nutrients were enhanced equally Conclusion. Macro and microelements supplied by mineral nutrients differentially boost the biosynthesis of health-promoting metabolites in curly kale, thereby enhancing its quality.

The features of the formation of productivity of potatoes of the Red Scarlett variety were studied during cultivation against the background of applying different combinations of organic, mineral, sideral fertilizers and straw in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga. The studies were carried out in the field experiment in 2014–2016 on gray forest soil with medium loam particle size distribution, on the experimental field of the Department of Plant Growing and Horticulture at KSAU. The humus content in the soil of the experimental plot was 3.48-3.65 % (according to Tyurin), labile phosphorus amounted to 128-135, exchange potassium amounted to 152–165 mg/kg of soil (according to Kirsanov), pH of the salt extract was 5.5-5.6. The experiments were performed on eight grounds with mineral nutrition. The potato yield in the reference ground due to natural fertility was 18.26 t/ha. Separate application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K90 over an average of three years increased the tuber yield as compared to the reference of 10.19 ha, while the introduction of 60 t/ha of manure increased the yield by 8.95 t/ha. Using a traditional fertilizer system (N60P60K90 + 60 t of manure), the yield was 34.95 t/ha. As a result of the transition to the biological fertilizer system (background + green manure + straw), the yield increased to 36.26 t/ha, which is 1.31 t/ha higher compared to the traditional fertilizer system. On average, over 3 years, the maximum tuber yield of 37.48 t/ha was obtained by applying mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as straw. Sidereal fertilizers and straw provided an increase in the yield of tubers of 7.81 t/ha. The best results for the dry matter content (22.05 %) and starch (16.04 %) were demonstrated by tubers from the reference variant. More protein (2.95 %) and vitamin C (21.24 mg %) contained in tubers from the variant when mineral fertilizers were applied in a dose (N60P60K90-background) + green manure + straw.

An important source for increasing the sunflower yield and getting high economic efficiency consists of improving agricultural techniques for cultivation, in particular, soil and climatic conditions. Using growth regulators is one such technique. This research studies the effectiveness of the complex use of growth regulators when the treatment of seeds before planting is combined with the sprinkling of actual plants. During the whole period of the 4-year study, the maximum yield of seeds (3.233 tons/hectare), the highest oil content (52.95 %), and the gross oil production level (1713.8 kg/hectare) were obtained under the use of Zirkon growth regulator.

No abstract

The reaction of new early ripening potatoes of Molly, Red Scarlett and Kolette varieties on the main processing of gray forest soil in the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region was studied. The aim of the work is to determine the effectiveness of different soil treatment options. The work was performed on the experimental field of Kazan SAU in 2012-2015. The dumping of plowing at a depth of 20-22 cm was compared with a non-spinning loosening of 26-28 cm and processing of a BDP by 18-20 cm. It was established in the course of research that, without spilling, Molly’s variety, on an average for four years, yielded 36.29 tons per hectare, with the dumping of plowing 35.89 tons per hectare. In similar variants, Red Scarlett formed the yields of 38.66 and 37.96 tons per hectare, and the grade of Kolette - 34.29 and 35.84 tons per hectare. With all methods of soil treatment, more starch contained potato tubers of the Kolette variety. Depending on the variant of soil cultivation, it was 13.73-14.13% in tubers of this variety. Less starch (12.83-13.20%) contained tubers of the Molly variety. Vitamin C and protein was more contained in the tubers of the Red Scarlett variety.

The studies were carried out to determine the effectiveness of applying calculated doses of fertilizers to the planned potato tuber yields of the early-ripening Molly and Colette group in the conditions of the forest steppe of the middle Volga region. The influence of mineral nutrition backgrounds, calculated on obtaining tuber yields of 25, 35 and 45 tons per hectare in comparison with the unapproved control, has been studied. The analysis of the leaf area dynamics of potato plants, the parameters of the leaf photosynthetic potential, the coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation factor showed that these indicators of photosynthetic activity are directly dependent on the level of mineral nutrition. Against the background of natural fertility, the Molly variety produced 16.76 tons of tubers per hectare and 18.32 tons of the Colette variety. Fertilizers, calculated for 25-45 tons of tubers per hectare, ensured the formation of Molly 28.23-43.57 t ons per hectare, Colette - 29.72-42.54 tons per hectare. The introduction of calculated doses of fertilizers at 25 and 35 tons of tubers per hectare did not result in a significant decrease in the starch content in the tubers, and the doses that were calculated for a yield of 45 tons per hectare increased the amount of nitrates and reduced the starch content in the tubers.

The reaction of the early ripening potato of Vineta variety to different methods of using growth regulators against the calculated background of mineral nutrition on the gray forest-steppe soil of middle Volga was studied. The effectiveness of processing planting tubers and foliar treatment of plants during their vegetation has been established. The experiments were carried out on the control without the introduction of NPK and on a fertilized background, designed to obtain a tuber crop of 40 tons per hectare. The studies were conducted on gray forest medium loam granulometric composition soil of “Zemlyaki” farm in Nizhnekamsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were carried out in 2019 by employees of Plant Growing and Horticulture Department of Kazan State Agrarian University. The humus content in the arable layer of soil according to Tyurin is 3.35%, pH is 5.7, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen is 112 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus is 156 mg/kg, exchange potassium is 136 mg/kg of soil, molybdenum is 0.07, copper is 0.52, boron - 0.7, zinc - 4.82 mg/kg. The effectiveness of the integrated use of growth regulators (treatment of planting tubers and foliar application of the drug during the growing season) has been established. The yield increase to control against the background without applying basic fertilizers amounted to 4.82 tons per hectare, and against the background of their application - 4.80 tons per hectare.

The studies were carried out with the purpose to determine the effectiveness of applying the designated doses of fertilizers for the formation of planned yields of potato tubers of the early-ripening varieties Molly and Colette, within the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region. The influence of mineral nutrient status, designed for obtaining the yields of potatoes 25, 35 and 45 tons/ha, in comparison with the unfertilized controlvariant, has been studied. The analysis of the dynamics of the potato plants leaf area, the parameters of leaf photosynthetic potential, the utilization coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)showed, that these indicators of photosynthetic activity were directly dependent on the level of mineral nutrition. The application of fertilizers and raising their doses increased the value of photosynthetic potential (PP). In the control variant, without applying fertilizers, the sum of photosynthetic potential was 1.762 million for the variety Molly, 1.894 million m 2 /ha × days for the variety Colette. The application of fertilizers, designed for a potato yield of 25 tons per hectare,has increased this index by 1.49 and 1.51 times, and the fertilization, designed for the yield 45 t/ha has increased this index by 2.25 and 2.01 times. For every 1 thousand units, the PP was formed in the variety Molly from 10.15 kg in the control variant to 11.25 kg of potato tubers with underlying of 45 t/ha, and in the variety Colette, respectively, from 10.32 to 11.45 kg. With regard to natural fertility, theyield of varietyMolly was 16.76 t/ha and 18.32 t/ha of thevariety Colette. Fertilizers,designed for 25-45 t/ha of potato tubers, ensured the yield of variety Molly 28.23-43.57 t/ha, the variety Colette -29.72-29 t/ha.