CSH is associated with a significantly increased risk of infection requiring hospitalization within 1 year following cardiac implantable electronic device surgery. Strategies aimed at reducing hematomas may decrease the long-term risk of infection. (Bridge or Continue Coumadin for Device Surgery Randomized Controlled Trial [BRUISE CONTROL]; NCT00800137).

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are prone to excessive postoperative bleeding. In addition, it is known that the passage of blood through the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit triggers the release of inflammatory mediators, resulting in a series of changes in hemostasis.Other situations such as thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and liver failure may also influence the occurrence of acute anemia, which should be corrected immediately. 1,2 However, the indiscriminate use of blood products in cardiac surgery has been associated with increased risk of infection, increased need for mechanical ventilation, increased organ failure, longer length of hospital stay, and higher mortality rates. [3][4][5][6] Although blood transfusion may become imperative for the management of postoperative cardiac surgery patients, several efforts have been made to restrict and standardize transfusion practice and improve outcomes for patients. [7][8][9] Much has been discussed about the optimal time for transfusion, although there is no global standardization of hematocrit and hemoglobin values, but only a consensus on clinical criteria. In practice, efforts have focused on maintaining hemoglobin values between 7 and