Background-Although it has been postulated for many years that depression is associated with loss of synapses, primarily in the hippocampus, and that antidepressants facilitate synapse growth, we still lack ultrastructural evidence that changes in depressive behavior are indeed correlated with structural synaptic modifications.

Activin is a member of the transforming growth factor-␤ family that is involved in cell differentiation

Vortioxetine is a new treatment for MDD, and its adverse event profile is similar to that of other SSRIs.

No abstract