The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and outcome of isolated moderate renal pelvis dilatation (RPD) [anterior-posterior diameter (APD) 10-15 mm] in an unselected population of 2-month-old infants prospectively followed for up to 12-14 months of life. Isolated moderate renal pelvis dilatation was detected in 282 of the 11,801 (2.4%), infants screened; 240 infants with normal renal ultrasound were enrolled as the control group. Resolution of RPD was considered when an APD
Elevated breast milk (BM) Na concentration is regarded as responsible for elevated Na intake. To verify the clinical significance of milk Na concentration, we studied the relationship between BM Na þ concentration and infants' daily Na þ intake, infants' daily BM intake (DBMI) and percentage weight loss (%WL) in healthy newborn infants. All mothers who gave birth to a single healthy infant, between February and March 2004 at the Obstetric Clinic of University of Messina (Italy), were invited to participate if they were willing to attempt to breastfeed exclusively. BM Na þ concentration, DBMI, Na þ intake and %WL were determined on the third day after delivery. Statistical analysis was performed by Spearman's correlation test, classification and regression trees and the generalised linear model. Of the 270 eligible mothers, 208 participated in the study. The results showed that on the third day postpartum BM Na þ concentration was 23·05 (SD 1·10) mmol/l, mean DBMI was 202 (SD 68·9) g/d, and mean Na þ intake was 4·36 (SD 0·22) mmol/d and 1·36 (SD 0·07) mmol/kg per d. BM Na þ concentration was inversely related to infant DBMI, and Na þ intake was directly related to infant DBMI and not to BM Na þ concentration. %WL was significantly correlated only to DBMI. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate, for the first time, that when lactogenesis is suboptimal, BM Na þ concentration is higher, but infants' Na þ intake is lower. Finally, the present data probably suggest that for the clinical assessment of breast-feeding, evaluation of milk intake remains the best method.Breast milk sodium: Infant sodium intake: Infant weight loss
The delivery room management of infants born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) remains controversial. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate maternal and neonatal characteristics of MSAF infants and the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in routine delivery room management which reserved selective intubation for depressed/asphyxiated babies. Between October 1993 and September 1997, a consecutive sample of 3745 full-term infants was analyzed. Of these, 361 were MSAF infants. No significant difference in maternal age, parity, gestational age, sex, low 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores, metabolic acidemia, or need for endotracheal intubation was found between MSAF and non-MSAF infants. Only one of the MSAF infants (0.28%), who needed intubation, developed MAS. Identification of postterm pregnancy and prenatal asphyxia is the best prevention of MAS.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and outcome of isolated severe renal pelvis dilatation (RPD; APD>15
Background Parturition induces considerable oxidative stress and many inflammatory mediators, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), are involved from the beginning of the pregnancy to birth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum cord blood concentration of diacron‐reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROM), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and HMGB1 to investigate the perinatal oxidative status of neonates and correlation with mode of delivery, as well as the influence of labor. Methods The subjects consisted of 214 neonates delivered at University Hospital “G. Martino”, Messina, in a 6 months period. Venous blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord after cord separation. Results Umbilical cord venous blood HMGB1 was significantly higher in the spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) group than in the elective or emergency cesarean section (CS) group (P = 0.018). Regarding labor, there was no significant difference in HMGB1 concentration in umbilical vein blood between the spontaneous and induced labor groups (P = 0.250). Furthermore, d‐ROM was significantly different between the SVD group and the elective or emergency CS group (P = 0.044). BAP concentration, however, was not significantly different, not even with regard to mode of labor. Conclusion Oxidation is higher in newborns delivered by SVD than in those delivered by CS, and HMGB1 may be involved in the mechanisms of birth, and responsible for decidual modifications that lead to birth.
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