The article presents the results of a long-term study of hazardous environmental processes on the Sevastopol coast. Laser scanning allows estimating with high accuracy the natural and anthropogenic dynamics of Sevastopol coast that differ in the concentration of various exogenous processes in relatively small areas and pose a threat to the economic activities of the population. Using laser scanning (lidar shooting), key coastal sections were surveyed in the area of Nemetskaya gully and Uchkuevka beach, where landslide and abrasion processes are displaying. Ground laser survey was performed using a three-dimensional laser scanning system. It was carried out in July 2016, July 2017, July and October 2018. The study showed that the average rate of cliff destruction in the area of the Uchkuevka beach was 0.8 m/year. The maximum cliff destruction rate reached 4.6 m, which was observed in the local ten-meter section of the block slide. Because of terracing, an anthropogenic “cutout” about 150 m long, about 300 m wide and 2.5 to 10 m deep was formed in the area of the Nemetskaya gully. The calculation showed that the Vume of removed soil was 393,649.14 m3, and the Vume of dumped soil on the beach was 28,669.62 m3. The results can be used to monitor hazardous exogenous processes, model and predict coastal development, and make decisions for environmental management in the coastal zone.
The article presents the results of the analysis of the protected plant species distribution on the Crimean peninsula using GIS technologies. The mapping of protected species is an important scientific and conservation task. The knowledge of the protected species location allows us to effectively select environmental protection measures, to introduce restrictions in the schemes of economic use and territorial planning. As a source of information, we used data from the Global Biodiversity Information Fund (GBIF), which unites such large databases of Russian biodiversity as the Moscow State University Digital Herbarium and the INaturalist portal. The resulting dataset includes 5187 records of 196 taxa of protected Crimean species. The dataset includes 58 plant families. It was determined that the maximum number of observations was noted for trees, especially conifers—high juniper (198) and deltoid juniper (286). Many observations are available for flowering plants—Crimean peony (157), purple orchis (161), dwarf iris (161). It is shown that a high concentration of finds of protected plant species is noted in the southwestern part of Crimea, on the southern coast and in the mountainous part. Separate local areas with protected plant species are noted along the sea coast. It is calculated that the largest number of detected protected plant species falls on the mid-mountain landscape level, the smallest—on the upland level. It was revealed that about 100 species of protected plants of Crimea are not registered in GBIF, which requires special research. The maximum number of species for which there are no data in the databases used are very rare and grow in remote parts of the peninsula. They are partly represented by relics, stenotopic species, single populations, which complicates their search. The obtained results can be used for monitoring protected plant species, territorial planning, environmental studies at the design stage of new residential and infrastructure facilities.
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