Numerical Modelling of the swash-zone has received considerable attention in recent years in an effort to better predict the hydrodynamics of this coastal zone subsection. State of the art numerical models typically employ the well-known Navier-Stokes equations or one of its variations. Consequently, suitable boundary conditions are needed for such models to ensure that real-life applications are simulated whilst also reducing the computational effort. This paper presents an empirically derived sea-ward boundary condition at the initial still water line position of the zone. The boundary condition is developed via laboratory experiments which simulate regular linear incident wave climates upon impermeable and variable beach slopes. The developed boundary condition favorably mimics experimental data and better predicts swash flow depths and velocities at the initial still water line when compared to more well-established models.
The Darcy-Forchheimer equation is the most common model used in describing porous media flow. Many CFD prepackaged platforms offer this model via the modified Navier-Stokes equations and typically implement the model under a penalization scheme. Although the theoretical basis of the Darcy-Forchheimer equation is unquestionable, its use is dependent on introduced coefficients which vary with practical applications. Despite a general range of values, the selection of these coefficients is somewhat subjective in saturated cases. For transient unsaturated flow cases, the selection of these coefficients may even be further complicated. This research experimentally investigated the inherent nature of these Darcy-Forchheimer coefficients for unsaturated flows in naturally occurring porous media. The results suggest variability of these coefficients with the transient nature of this flow regime. Thus, highlighting the invalidity of a single combination of coefficients across the entirety of unsaturated flows in natural porous media.
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