La conservation post récolte des denrées alimentaires demeure un problème majeur en Afrique subsaharienne. Une enquête visant à appréhender la perception paysanne de la conservation post récolte des céréales et une évaluation d'échantillons prélevés dans les stocks de six localités du Burkina Faso ont été réalisées. Les résultats de l'enquête montrent que la majorité des producteurs conservent leurs récoltes de mil, de maïs et de sorgho dans des greniers. L'usage de substances végétales est la méthode la plus répandue pour la conservation des céréales. De l'avis des producteurs, le mil serait la céréale qui se conserve le mieux (P<0,05). 71% des producteurs stipulent que la majorité des pertes post-récoltes sont imputables aux insectes. L'analyse au laboratoire des échantillons collectés a permis d'identifier 11 espèces de déprédateurs dans les stocks de céréales ; Rhyzopertha dominica F. est l'espèce la plus abondante.
The PICS bags, originally developed for cowpea storage, were evaluated for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) preservation. Batches of 25 kg of sorghum grain were stored in 50 kg PICS or polypropylene (PP) bags under ambient conditions for 12 months and assessed for the presence of insect pests and their damage, seed viability and, oxygen and carbon dioxide variations. The grain was incubated for 35 days to assess whether any insects would emerge. After six months of storage, oxygen levels decreased in the PICS bags compared to polypropylene bags. After 12 months of storage, only two pests, Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus zeamais were found in the PICS bags. However, in PP bags there were additional pests including Tribolium castaneum and Oryzeaphilus mercator and Xylocoris flavipes. Grain weight loss and damage caused by these insects in the PP bags were significantly higher compared to those stored in PICS bags. Germination rates of sorghum grains stored in PP bags decreased significantly while no changes were observed in grains stored in PICS bags when compared to the initial germination. After the incubation post storage period, there was a resurgence of R. dominica in sorghum grains from PICS bags but the population levels were significantly lower compared to polypropylene bags. PICS bags preserved the quality and viability of stored sorghum grains and protected it from key insect pests. The PICS technology is effective for long-term sorghum storage but the potential resurgence of insects in low-oxygen environment calls for further research.
Yamkoulga et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2018 Gestion post-récolte des graines d'Acacia macrostachya Reichenb. ex DC. dans la province du Boulkiemdé au Burkina Faso : diagnostic participatif en milieu paysan Yamkoulga et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2018 Gestion post-récolte des graines d'Acacia macrostachya Reichenb. ex DC. dans la province du Boulkiemdé au Burkina Faso : diagnostic participatif en milieu paysan 13149 Post-harvest management of the seeds of Acacia macrostachya Reichenb. ex DC. in the Boulkiemdé province in Burkina Faso : participatory survey among farmers AbstractObjectives : The objectives of this survey were to inventory the different post-harvest practices of A. macrostachya; the storage problems; control methods use to protect A. macrostachya during storage and the different uses of seeds Method and results : A survey was conducted in 20 villages in the province of Boulkiemdé among the actors of A. macrostachya seeds post-harvest management. The results showed that 52.13% of respondents kept their seeds in polypropylene bags, 24.47% in cans of 20l capacity and 20.21% in jars. Insects are considered as the main pests of A. macrostachya seeds. Damage begins before the harvest of the pods and continues during post-harvest storage. The most widespread method of protection for pests is pre-cooking with heat. In the absence of a control method, a lot damage can be observed from the first week of storage. Seed conservation serves the purpose of meeting consumer and marketing needs. Conclusion and application : This study made it possible to better understand farmers' practices in the postharvest management and the storage problems of A. macrostachya seeds. It opens up prospects for more efficient management of this important food.
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., is the most cultivated and consumed legume in West Africa and is typically attacked by several insect pests, including Maruca vitrata, leading to reduced yields. This study assessed under laboratory conditions the efficacy of neem oil and M. vitrata multi-nucleopolyhedrovirus (MaviMNPV) against M. vitrata eggs as alternatives to second generation pesticides. Hatching and mortality rates after biopesticide application of neem oil, MaviMNPV, and the two in combination reduced the egg viability by 89%, 84% and 91%, respectively. Moreover, the combination of MaviMNPV and neem oil induced 100% mortality among the hatched larvae, compared to 60% and 100% alone, respectively. Implications for using these biopesticides are discussed within an integrated pest management (IPM) context.
In West Africa and particularly in Burkina Faso, Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) is receiving increasing attention as a crop with potential for making great socio-economic impacts. The biology of Spermophagus niger, recently identified as the main insect pest in the storage of roselle seeds, is poorly known. The present study aimed at comparing the reproductive potential of this insect on the seeds of two roselle varieties Altissima and Sabdariffa, mainly grown in Burkina Faso to identify susceptible/resistant variety to the pest. The results obtained are the first complete data on life history traits of S. niger in laboratory conditions. Overall, they indicated that both seed varieties have similar susceptibility to S. niger. The main life history traits measured did not differ significantly on both varieties (P > 0.05). However, the first generation individuals from the Altissima seeds were significantly larger (P = 0.0007 and P ˂ 0.0001 for males and females respectively) and weighed more (P ˂ 0.0001) than those from the other roselle variety. This result suggests that individuals from the Altissima variety may have a higher seed-damaging potential than those developed in the Sabdariffa variety and this potential might increase over successive generations. The consequences of such findings are discussed with a view to improving the post-harvest storage of roselle seeds and reducing losses in West Africa.
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