Background There is limited clinical patient data comparing the first and second waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States and the effects of a COVID-19 resurgence on different age, racial and ethnic groups. We compared the first and second COVID-19 waves in the Bronx, New York, among a racially and ethnically diverse population. Methods Patients in this retrospective cohort study were included if they had a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by a real-time PCR test of a nasopharyngeal swab specimen detected between March 11, 2020, and January 21, 2021. Main outcome measures were critical care, in-hospital acquired disease and death. Patient demographics, comorbidities, vitals, and laboratory values were also collected. Findings A total of 122,983 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which 12,659 tested positive. The second wave was characterized by a younger demographic, fewer comorbidities, less extreme laboratory values at presentation, and lower risk of adverse outcomes, including in-hospital mortality (adj. OR = 0·23, 99·5% CI = 0·17 to 0·30), hospitalization (adj. OR = 0·65, 99·5% CI = 0·58 to 0·74), invasive mechanical ventilation (adj. OR = 0·70, 99·5% CI = 0·56 to 0·89), acute kidney injury (adj. OR = 0·62, 99·5% CI = 0·54 to 0·71), and length of stay (adj. OR = 0·71, 99·5% CI = 0·60 to 0·85), with Black and Hispanic patients demonstrating most improvement in clinical outcomes. Interpretation The second COVID-19 wave in the Bronx exhibits improved clinical outcomes compared to the first wave across all age, racial, and ethnic groups, with minority groups showing more improvement, which is encouraging news in the battle against health disparities.

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acute thrombus, 22.2% had subacute thrombus, and 8.7% had chronic thrombus. After pretreatment imaging, the limbs were reclassified as 38.1% acute, 37.7% subacute, and 24.2% chronic. After thrombectomy, the limbs were reclassified further as 30.5% acute, 36.1% subacute, and 33.5% chronic. Comparing the initial and final post-thrombectomy assessment, 55.6% of the limbs had been misclassified, with most having thrombus more chronic than expected (Fig). With the addition of pretreatment imaging, the classification of chronicity has improved. However, still 16.5% of the limbs had thrombus more chronic than expected. Complete or near-complete thrombus removal was similar across the chronicity classifications: 86.2% in acute, 78.1% in subacute, 81.7% in chronic thrombus.Conclusions: In an all-comer DVT patient population, thrombus that had been first assessed using symptom duration was found to be more chronic than expected in nearly one half of the treated limbs. The use of the ClotTriever device was effective in removing thrombus in each chronicity category. This finding has implications in the treatment choice for patients presenting with DVT.

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