The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the cornerstone of the US nutrition safety net. Each month, SNAP provides assistance to 40 million low-income Americans—nearly half of them children. A number of changes could strengthen the public health impacts of SNAP. This review first presents a framework describing the mechanisms through which SNAP policy can influence public health, particularly by affecting the food security, the diet quality, and, subsequently, the health of SNAP participants. We then discusspolicy opportunities with the greatest potential to strengthen the public health impacts of SNAP, organized into three areas: ( a) food production and distribution, ( b) benefit allocation, and ( c) eligibility and enrollment. For each section, we describe current policy and limitations of the status quo, suggest evidence-based opportunities for policy change to improve public health, and identify important areas for future research.
Top GI procedures and office/inpatient visits were identified. The Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services was queried to extract reimbursement data. Reimbursement trends were analyzed, accounting for inflation.
RESULTS:GI procedures exhibited an average decrease in unadjusted and adjusted reimbursement of 7.0% and 33.0%, respectively. Reimbursement for patient visits exhibited an inflation-adjusted decrease of 4.9%.
When Russian tanks rolled into Ukraine in late February 2022, two years after the identification of SARS-CoV-2, the ensuing humanitarian crisis and upending of international law fractured the already fragile system of global health governance.
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