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Destinations throughout the USA and world compete against each other for the opportunity to host professional and amateur sporting events. The primary motivation for these destinations is the anticipated economic impact generated by sport tourists' expenditures while attending sporting events. Although the economic impact of sporting events has been widely studied, the analysis of individuals' expenditures has been neglected. Since tourists' expenditures are considered one of the most important variables in the economic analysis of a destination's tourism industry, segmenting tourists based on expenditures is a valuable alternative to more common segmentation approaches. In this study, sport tourists attending a Professional Golfers' Association of America tournament were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high spenders) based on their total per day spending. The mean per day total expenditures of the lowspender segment were $69.21, the medium spenders' mean total per day expenditures were $219.25, and the high-spender segment averaged $759.03 in total per day expenditures. The results indicate that a significant difference exists between the three expenditure-based segments of sport tourist spectators in terms of spending patterns, trip characteristics, and trip preferences. Expenditure-based segmentation of sport tourist spectators provides important information that event organizers and local tourism stakeholders can utilize in developing effective and efficient short-and longterm management and marketing strategies.

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Achievement motivation is predicated on the notion that a person wants to demonstrate competence and feel successful and is motivated to achieve these outcomes. A person's goal orientation describes the individual's motivation—an ego orientation presupposes that achievement is a result of ability, whereas a task orientation ties achievement to effort. Understanding a person's achievement motivation can help us better understand how to facilitate positive leisure experiences and long-term participation in recreation activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the goal orientation of male and female university students enrolled in leisure-skills courses. Results suggest that there are gender differences in goal orientation that may have an impact on enjoyment of and intention to continue participation in a recreation activity, regardless of the activity.

Active sport tourism has been defined as travel away from the home environment to actively participate in sport. However there is a dearth of research focusing on active sport tourists. Furthermore, researchers also identified a significant gap existed in the sport tourism literature regarding elite athletes. Although research focusing on hallmark sport events has been abundant, several researchers have identified a lack of research on small-scale sport events. Thus, the purpose of this research was to provide an analysis of elite active sport tourists' expenditures and the resultant direct economic impact of these expenditures, as well as their perceptions of the host destination in a small-scale international sport event: East Asian Games. A total of 140 elite athletes from eight different countries and regions in East Asia participated in this study.