Measuring organizational performance plays a very important part in translating corporate strategy into results. Various emerging (non-traditional) performance systems have recently been devised to aid firms in selecting and implementing measures. This paper discusses the strategy/measurement initiatives and compares ten emerging performance measurement systems with respect to a list of performance dimensions, the characteristics of performance measures, and the requirements of development process. Although these systems have constraints borne with their own application domains, they stand by themselves empirically and/or theoretically, and provide guidance about what to measure and how to design performance measures that could be linked to the corporate strategy and objectives of an organization. This paper concludes that there is a need to develop a paradigm for integrating strategy formulation and performance measurement in organizations.

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Purpose -Lalwani et al. devised a controllable state-space model for a general APVIOBPCS production and inventory system. However, their procedure did not cater for production delays of other than one time unit. The authors have sought to devise a model that allows for any value of production delay. Design/methodology/approach -A discrete z transform model of APVIOBPCS inventory is obtained using conventional algebra and converted to a state-space model using a reachable control formulation. This is then analysed to produce an analytic expression for the eigenvalues and then the general stability solution is derived from the unit circle condition. Findings -This model allows a state-space model conversion from a discrete time input-output model using an exponential production delay with no loss of generality and is fully controllable and observable. Stability of these models can be obtained from the system eigenvalues and agrees with the authors' previously published stability boundaries using transform models.Research limitations/implications -The system is described by a linear control model of the production process and does not include production limits or other resource limitations. It does not include any past history of sales demand and responses. Practical implications -This work allows a model to be implemented in a spreadsheet of APVIOBPCS PIC that can be used for any production delay and can be modified to include different sales smoothing procedures. Originality/value -This present model is an extension and improvement of the model devised by Lalwani, in that it allows more accurate modelling of inventory production systems by permitting a more flexible selection of delay parameter values, closer to those of real systems.

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