Carbohydrate-based surfactants have long been of interest due to their desirable performance properties and their potential to be derived from renewable feedstocks. Although most carbohydrate based surfactants utilize an O-glycosidic linkage, recent advances in carbohydrate C-C bond formation allows for the facile synthesis of new classes of carbohydrate-based surfactants on a C-glycosidic linkage. Herein is described an approach that can generate a wide variety of C-glycoside surfactants in moderate to very good yield by treating the nonulose C-glycoside intermediate first described by Lubineau et al. with pyrrolidine in the presence of an alkyl aldehyde. Depending on the stoichiometry and reaction conditions, this chemistry will result in either a linear enone C-glycoside, or a cyclohexenone C-glycoside, both of which demonstrate interesting surfactant properties. Further, the linear enone series can be photochemically modified or reacted with other alkyl aldehydes to generate additional analogs.This journal is

Free solution capillary-electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful separation technique for the characterization of diblock copolymers. In this work, four series of double-hydrophilic anionic and cationic block copolymers, namely, poly(acrylamide)-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PAM-b-PAA), poly(acrylamide)-block-poly((3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) (PAM-b-PAPTAC), poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PEO-b-PAA) and poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate)-block-poly(acrylic acid) (P(PEGA)-b-PAA), were synthesized by reversible additionfragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and characterized by CE. The electrophoretic mobility distributions of the copolymers were transformed into distributions of composition ratio by introducing a retardation parameter, Xexp,, that represents the hydrodynamic drag retardation due to the neutral block of the copolymer. A linear correlation between Xexp and the ratio of the degrees of polymerization of each blocks was experimentally established and was consistent with the model of electrophoretic mobility of composite macromolecules with hydrodynamic coupling. Finally, the comparison of the distributions between the different copolymer families was significantly improved by considering the distributions in composition ratio compared to the electrophoretic mobility distributions, since it takes into account the differences in solvation, expansion and drag force according to the chemical nature of the blocks.

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Polyacid-functionalized inorganic mesoporous materials have attracted considerable interest as catalysts, permselective molecular sieves, or drug carriers. Despite the great interest, their synthesis into ordered mesostructures incorporating polyacids densely and homogeneously distributed in the mesopores is a challenge. Moreover, their properties as conductors for energy applications remain completely unexplored. Here, we report an efficient, one-shot environmentally friendly synthesis route to prepare ordered mesoporous silica functionalized with strong polyacids, which exhibits excellent proton conductivity. We used polyion electrostatic complex micelles as structure-directing, functionalizing, and pore-generating agents to obtain a material of remarkable textural and functional quality. It presents large and ordered mesopores hosting monodisperse polyacid chains corresponding to a dense and homogeneous functionalization of 1.2 mmol SO3H g SiO2 −1 and a function density of 1 SO 3 H per nm 3 of mesopore volume. Overcoming the performance-limiting inhomogeneities, we designed a superprotonic conductor, while the high value of the conductivity, 0.024 S cm −1 at 363 K/95% relative humidity, was maintained for at least 7 days.