In the United States, 15% of HIV-positive individuals do not know their HIV serostatus. While CDC guidelines recommend HIV testing for individuals age 13-64 years, racial and ethnic minorities continue to experience delays in HIV diagnosis. We assessed providers' perspectives on HIV testing at an urban community health center serving racial/ethnic minority populations of low socioeconomic status. We conducted five focus groups from January 2017 to November 2017 with 74 health center staff: 20 adult medicine/primary care providers, 34 community health workers (CHWs) and community health administrators, six urgent care physicians, and fourteen behavioral health providers. Study staff analyzed transcripts using a grounded theory approach and used open coding to develop themes. We identified five themes affecting HIV testing: 1) provider perception of patients' preferences for HIV testing; 2) competing medical and social issues; 3) inter-professional communication; 4) knowledge of clinical indicators for HIV testing; and 5) knowledge of frequency of HIV testing. Primary care physicians desired mechanisms to easily identify patients for HIV testing and assistance with testing for non-English speakers. Training to improve comfort with HIV testing, integrating CHWs into routine practice, and focusing on patients' cultural beliefs may increase HIV testing in diverse community health centers..
Explains the essential factors in creating successful licensed toy products for children: two are immediacy and story. Points out that toys that engage children’s emotions are more likely to succeed than ones which are simply functional and well crafted, or excessively kitsch, as the Star Wars characters arguably are; it is easy to gain children’s attention, but the product must then deliver on underlying expectations and provide a story. Illustrates this with a case study of a design exercise, U‐Force, where comic book characters were developed for multimarket global appeal, and a background story then emerged. Uses the example of Lego to illustrate another secret of successful toy design, adaptability: part of Lego’s appeal is the mystery which comes from the child’s ability to transform one finished toy into another.
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