A FOURTH Force is emerging in psychology Transpersonial Psychology. It is appearing at a time when the Third Force, Humanistic Psychology, is beginning its second decade and developing at an accelerating rate as a vital part of the general field of psychology. Although overlappingt in part, the Third and Fourth Force do not conflict with each other. Each complements the other. There are many indications that humanistic and transpersonal psychology arc integrally related to each other. Each seems to clarify the respective areas of the other, thereby serving to delineate more accurately the expanding scope of proper scientific psychological inquiry.This announcement is directed to the readers of JHP. It seems fitting, therefore, to present some background material in order to give them an early opportunity to become acquainted with what has only recently become a logical extension of the incalculable promise of the Humanistic (Third Force) development. A more comprehensive statement of the emergence of the Fourth Force in psychology will be included in the first issue of the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, which is now in preparation.Definitions are understood to be formulations subject to change as required by the development of the objective, living conditions, relationships, forces, etc., that they may represent. The definition presented below, therefore, is assumed to represent conditions and developments at the present date. Moreover, as a definition, this formulation is to be understood as subject to optional individual or group interpretations, either wholly or in part, with regard to the acceptance of its content as essentially naturalistic, supernaturalistic, supra-naturalistic, or any other designated classification. developments at the present date. DefinitionTranspersonal (or Fourth Force) Psychology is the title given to an emerging force in the psychology field by a group of psychologists and professional men and women from other fields who are interested in those ultimate human capacities and potentialities that have no * Chairman, Committee on Organization. The other members of the committee are:
Every condition of life as it moves toward coherent organization, develops its own ethos, its own standards and codes.-John Dewey.TNSYCHOLOGISTS who enter into consulting relationships with J[ clients-and such relationships are becoming more and more frequent-are necessarily concerned with a problem in applied ethics,.whether recognized as such or not. Indeed, the satisfaction of those psychological needs for which the consulting relationship is established depends, in part, upon a clear understanding, by both client and consultant, of the ethical aspects of the relationship. The present paper seeks to make explicit the ethical basis of certain procedures found to be desirable in dealing with clients and to outline in formal fashion a professional code derived from these ethical principles for use by psychological consultants.The medical, legal, and several other professions have adopted written professional codes (6; 17), and some of them have been in operation for decades. But no criticism of psychological consultants is necessarily implied in this fact, since in every professional field a certain minimal stage of development has to be reached before the construction and adoption of a code is feasible. We believe that this minimal point has been reached.Recent trends in the practice of consulting and counseling psychology suggest the direction in which progress in the construction of a code might most profitably be made. Such "directive" tech-1 The writer is deeply indebted to Dr. E. R. Hilgard of Stanford University, California, without whose initial and continued encouragement, generous criticism, suggestions, and discussions, this paper could not have been written.
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