Within the Pseudochromidae, the subfamily Pseudoplesiopinae is diagnosed by six unequivocal autapomorphies: single tubed lateral-line scale; posterior part of pelvic bone with triangular or hook-shaped lateral process; base of anterior process on pelvic bone posteriorly positioned; coracoid articulates ventrally with medial face of lateral lamina of cleithrum; basihyal bound to anterior face of basibranchial 1; and urohyal with prominent dorsally directed process. Five genera are recognised in the subfamily. Pseudoplesiops Bleeker (Nematochromis Weber is a junior synonym), with seven nominal species, is diagnosed by a single autapomorphy: medial laminae of pelvic bones expanded dorsally. Chlidichthys Smith (Wamizichthys Smith is a junior synonym), with 10 nominal species, is diagnosed by two autapomorphies: lower lip incomplete; and second infraorbital bone absent. Pectinochromis n.gen. (type species Pseudoplesiops lubbocki Edwards & Randall), with a single nominal species, is diagnosed by five autapomorphies: second dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting between neural spine 3 and 4; second supraneural bone absent; first dorsal-fin pterygiophore expanded anteriorly; first dorsalfin pterygiophore with lateral processes; and gill rakers relatively numerous. Amsichthys n.gen. (type species Pseudoplesiops knighti Allen), with a single nominal species, is diagnosed by a single autapomorphy: upper preopercular pore usually absent. Lubbockichthys n.gen. (type species Pseudoplesiops multisquamatus Allen), with a single nominal species, is diagnosed by four autapomorphies: scales small; scales cycloid at all stages of ontogeny; some head bones with weakly honeycombed surface; and parietal enclosing dorsal part of supratemporal laterosensory canal. A parsimony analysis of various characters of the laterosensory system, caudal skeleton, dorsal-fin osteology, and fin-ray branching supports the following relationships: (Lubbockichthys ((Amsichthys + Pseudoplesiops) (Chlidichthys + Pectinochromis))).
A new species of Pseudochromis (Pseudochromidae) is described on the basis of a single specimen trawled from 80 m at Glomar Shoal, off northern Western Australia. Pseudochromis reticulatus n.sp. is separable from other Pseudochromis in having the following characters in combination: dorsal rays 111,27 (all soft rays branched), anal rays 111,15, scales in lateral series 34 to 36, anterior lateral line scales 28 to 30, circumpeduncular scales 16, and caudal fin pointed.
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