Nowadays all the decisions making and large data analysis is made using computer applications. In such kind of application we use the data mining techniques to analyses them. Different domains of research like management, engineering, medical, education are frequently using these techniques. Data mining in educational system is an emerging discipline that focuses on applying data mining tools and techniques on educational data. Educational data mining is used to study the data available in the educational field and bring out the hidden knowledge from it.In this research work, data mining techniques is used to make smart decisions for the student, additionally this technique is used to analysis the performance of the students in educational domain, to make analysis and making decisions here we are using C5.0 decision tree. Comparative study is done on ID3, C4.5 and C5.0. Among these classifiers C5.0 gives more accurate and efficient output with comparatively high speed. Memory usage to store the rule set in case of the C5.0 classifier is less as it generates smaller decision tree. This research work supports high accuracy, good speed and low memory usage as proposed system is using C5.0 as the base classifier. The classification process here has low memory usage compare to other techniques because it generates fewer rules. Accuracy is high as error rate is low on unseen cases. And it is fast due to yielding pruned trees.
Biodiesel is an alternative to conventional petro fuel. It can be produced by vegetable oils and animal fats. In addition, it can also be produced by waste cooking oils. The main limitation of biodiesel production is that it can cause food shortage and can lead to heavy use of fertilizers and water deplete the natural resources, soil and water. Using waste cooking oil as a raw material for biodiesel would overcome these limitations and would also avoid the problem of disposal of these waste oils.In this study, transesterification process is on waste cooking oil (mustard oil), to produce biodiesel as a product. Following this, biodiesel is blended with normal diesel fuel to produce blends having biodiesel concentration of 6%, 12% and 18%, hereby referred as B6, B12 and B18. These ble tested on performance and emissions parameters at different loads on a VCR diesel engine. B12 gave the best suitable outcomes on brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and mechanical efficiency while B18 gave better volumetric efficien unburnt hydrocarbons, CO and CO2 emissions were the most optimal in case of B12.
The energy needs of the world have been increasing since the inception of the Industrial revolution. The major sources of energy throughout the world have been fossil fuels, namely coal, petroleum fuels and natural gas. These resources are limited and are depleting fast. The replenishment of these is not possible keeping in mind our enormous requirements of energy, as these are non-renewable. Hence, there is a need of energy sources which are renewable, economic and do not pose a major threat to the environment. Biodiesel fuels have emerged as an option that is renewable and economic. These fuels are used as blends with diesel and can be used to power CI engines. There is a large quantity of used cooking oil that is produced from household, restaurants, etc which is disposed off with no option of reuse. This type of waste oil is available in large quantities and at an economic rate. Thus, if used to create biodiesel, these types of oils can solve two problems -it will give us an economic option of alternative energy resource that is easily available, and will help control environmental pollution that is caused by disposal of these waste oils on land and water resulting in destruction of flora and fauna. In this present review work, we have studied various works done in the field of biodiesel production from various sources and method by researchers around the world. This review work focuses primarily on two aspects: study of biodiesel production by various processes with special focus on trans process and study of performance/emission characteristics of VCR engines using different blends of biodiesel with normal diesel.
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