Mosses are one of the most important and dominant plant communities, especially in the temperate biome, and play a significant role in ecosystem function and dynamics. They influence the water, energy and element cycle due to their unique ecology and physiology. The present study was undertaken in three different temperate forest sites in the Garhwal Himalayas, viz., Triyuginarayan (Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS)), Chakrata, and Kanasar forest range. The study was focused on understanding the influence of mosses on soil physical properties and nutrient availability. Different physico-chemical properties were analysed under two different substrata, that is, with and without moss cover in two different seasons, viz., monsoon and winter. We observed mosses to influence and alter the physical properties and nutrient status of soil in both seasons. All soil physical and chemical properties, except magnesium, showed significant difference within the substrates, among all the sites and across the two seasons. Besides the soil characteristics underneath the moss vegetation, the study also highlights the diversity of mosses found in the area. Mosses appear to create high nutrient microsites via a high rate of organic matter accumulation and retain nutrients for longer periods thus, maintaining ecosystem stability.
The present investigated was conducted at Dadri, Gautam Buddh Nagar, UP. Out of 50 respondents this data has been collected from research area. 13% people opinion is about RTE food is easily available now days in the market. 14% consumers purchase the food on the basis of their taste. About 8% people buying that food because their family preferand like the ready to eat food and 1% people are those who are buying that food to influence by other and 10% also those were convenient from other users. Mostly around 15% consumers were those always buying consuming the RTE food for saving their cooking and preparation time. In the end rest 0% people nil due to the no data.
On the other hand, there were few respondents out of 100% those have valid reason based on their past consumption experience to purchase ready to eat (RTE) food. Firstly, there was around 4% people those were unable to buy RTE food due to the lack of their awareness and knowledge also. Approximately 6% consumers were those who dislike the RTE products due to any valid reason. Around 26% people were not able to buy the RTE food products due to the high price of product. Nearby 20% consumers dislike the products due their low quality.
4% consumers were unable to buy the RTE food products due to the unavailability. Approximately 34% people dislike the products because according to them, Ready to Eat food are too much health conscious because those are available in the form of extra fat, extra fibers, etc. Less than 6% consumers are those who haven’t any valid reason to buy RTE food products.
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