This paper presents an approach for next‐generation model‐based systems engineering across the system lifecycle, labelled MBSE++. This approach is based on the idea of a Total System Model that serves and evolves as the digital blueprint of a system through its lifecycle. The fundamental principles of MBSE++ are presented in this paper, including the use of decentralized and heterogeneous engineering models and repositories, spectrum of fine‐grained model‐based connections, unified representation of the system independent of the location of models, model transformations, comparisons, and synchronization to communicate between disciplines, and visualization and analytics for effective decision making. The motivation for each of the MBSE++ principles is presented, followed by a description of use cases. The use cases are exemplified using Syndeia, a MBE/MBSE platform developed by Intercax.
Objectives: Lockdown has resulted in unprecedented changes in daily behaviors including depression. We hypothesized that the lockdown would impact our daily behavior such as sleep-wake cycle, eating time, physical activities, work hours, sleep quality, etc. We also observed the depression among the population during the lockdown.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study was conducted after one month of the imposition of the lockdown (between April 26 – May 05, 2020) by an online questionnaire designed using a google form filled by individuals from different professions (N=251). The analysis was performed using one-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple analysis post hoc test. Significance was taken at P< 0.0001.
Results: The sleep-wake cycle, breakfast time was significantly delayed during the lockdown compared to weekdays before lockdown days. Total 60% of volunteers reported good sleep, 32% had increased daytime nap, maximum time spent in the usage of social media 29%, and 79% showed increased usage of electronic gadgets. The physical activity and work hours were reduced to 57% and 58% respectively. It seems that lockdown forced people to undergo depression as 54% were depressed.
Conclusion: This is the first study to conclude the changes in daily behaviors including depression. Overall, delay in the sleep-wake cycle, breakfast timings, increased sedentary lifestyle, reduction in their work hours, addiction of electronic gadgets, spending maximum time on social media with increased depression. This study is helpful for the public health systems to create awareness regarding the sleep and health improvements during as well as after lockdown.
Objectives:The COVID-19 outbreak has led to unprecedented changes throughout the world. It has imposed lockdown, social distancing to avoid the spread of this disease. India in the middle of March 2021 reported the beginning of the second wave of corona leading to massive death. We hypothesized to investigate the effect of sleep and eating behavior also got affected during unlock imposed due to the second wave. Material and Methods: The data collection was done by using an online google form by making them available to participants through various social media apps via smartphone. Total participants (n=115) mean age was 25.86±9.52 (Mean±SD). The results were analyzed by using RM One-Way ANOVA, Pearson correlation test by using SPSS 26. Results: We found that the sleep behavior including time to sleep which was delayed by 46min, time to wake up was 58min, and sleep duration was increased by 6min during the unlock days when compared with weekdays before unlock. The eating behavior during unlock including the time of breakfast, lunch, and dinner was delayed by 1-hour 3min, 23min, and 19min, respectively. The social jetlag was reduced by 6min and eating jetlag was increased by approximately 8.4min. We found a strong positive correlation between eating jetlag and social jetlag during unlock (r=0.262, p<0.005). Conclusion: Our findings can help in modifying irregular sleep and unhealthy eating behaviors into a good and healthy lifestyle which will, in turn, lead to a depression-free lifestyle during unlock/lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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