The importance of operators' knowledge in the production of high-quality water and the need for consistent high-level expertise have fueled propositions for the application of computer technology, including knowledge-based expert systems (KBES), as a means of enhancing drinking water treatment operations. With this in mind, the authors have developed CHLOROS, a knowledge-based system which integrates both expert system and hypertext technologies in a WindowsTM environment. Designed as an off-line tool, the system does not directly control operations related to drinking water disinfection, but rather has been intended to assist treatment plant operations personnel. It is believed that CHLOROS will serve as a practical tool for water utilities because it creates a consistent decision-making environment, captures and preserves the expertise of human experts, and reduces the amount of manual effort and time that may be expended by searching through manuals and literature for information that is required to support the choice of control parameters.Key words: knowledge-based systems, expert system, hypertext system, disinfection, chlorination, chloramination.
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection using low pressure high output (LPHO) lamps was an alternative to chlorination investigated to treat the secondary effluent at the Duffin Creek Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP) in Pickering, Ontario, Canada. A pilot study was conducted with two different UV systems in parallel in order to confirm the feasibility and requirements for the design of the disinfection system.Based on the pilot test data, it is evident that a UV dose up to 50 mJ/cm 2 is required to meet the design objective of 100 E.coli counts/100 mL and provide a factor of safety. This result was verified by collimated beam tests conducted throughout the study period using secondary effluent.The results of this study are unique due to the high levels of iron present in the secondary effluent (approximately 6 % of the TSS) and the side by side comparison of the cleaning efficiency of two different UV pilot systems treating the same secondary effluent.
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