Abstract-Temporal drift of sensory data is a severe problem impacting the data quality of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). With the proliferation of large-scale and long-term WSNs, it is becoming more important to calibrate sensors when the ground truth is unavailable. This problem is called "blind calibration". In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning method named projection-recovery network (PRNet) to blindly calibrate sensor measurements online. The PRNet first projects the drifted data to a feature space, and uses a powerful deep convolutional neural network to recover the estimated driftfree measurements. We deploy a 24-sensor testbed and provide comprehensive empirical evidence showing that the proposed method significantly improves the sensing accuracy and drifted sensor detection. Compared with previous methods, PRNet can calibrate 2× of drifted sensors at the recovery rate of 80% under the same level of accuracy requirement. We also provide helpful insights for designing deep neural networks for sensor calibration. We hope our proposed simple and effective approach will serve as a solid baseline in blind drift calibration of sensor networks.
To understand the complex physiological process underlying pig testis development and spermatogenesis, this study aims to characterize the change in miRNA and mRNA profiles at four developmental stages of embryonic and postnatal testes, including 60 dpc (days post coitus, E60), 90 dpc (E90), 30-day-old (D30) and 180-day-old (D180). A total of 304 mature, 50 novel miRNAs, and 8343 differentiallyexpressed genes were identified. 93 (48 up and 45 down), 104 (49 up and 55 down), 122 (49 up and 73 down) differentially-expressed miRNAs, as well as 1007 (646 up and 361 down), 1929 (911 up and 1018 down), 7420 (3998 up and 3422 down) differentially-expressed genes were identified in E90 vs. E60, D30 vs. E90 and D180 vs. D30, respectively. Integrating analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles predicted more than 50 000 miRNA-mRNA interaction sites. GO and KEGG pathway analysis of the predicted target genes illustrated the likely roles of differentially expressed miRNAs in testis development and spermatogenesis. For example, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Hippo signaling pathway related development, and carbon metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, were involved in metabolite synthesis. These integrated high-throughput expression data show that miRNA is a critical factor in porcine testis development, providing a useful resource to understand global genome expression change in porcine testis development and spermatogenesis.
This study investigates how children acquire prosodic focus-marking in Mandarin Chinese. Using a picture-matching game, we elicited spontaneous production of sentences in various focus conditions from children aged four to eleven. We found that Mandarin Chinese-speaking children use some pitch-related cues in some tones and duration in all tones in an adult-like way to distinguish focus from non-focus at the age of four to five. Their use of pitch-related cues is not yet fully adult-like in certain tones at the age of eleven. Further, they are adult-like in the use of duration in distinguishing narrow focus from broad focus at four or five but in not using pitch-related cues for this purpose at seven or eight. The later acquisition of pitch-related cues may be related to the use of pitch for lexical purposes, and the differences in the use of pitch in different tones can be explained by differences in how easy it is to vary pitch-related parameters without changing tonal identity.
Sertoli cells are indispensable for normal spermatogenesis, and increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs participate in the regulation of Sertoli cell growth. However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in Sertoli cells of domestic animals have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we mainly investigated the regulatory roles of miR-499 in immature porcine Sertoli cells. The results showed that miR-499 was mainly located in the basement section of seminiferous tubules of prepubertal porcine testicular tissue. Overexpression of miR-499 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, whereas miR-499 inhibition resulted in the opposite effect. The PTEN gene was directly targeted by miR-499, and the expression of mRNA and protein was also negatively regulated by miR-499 in immature porcine Sertoli cells. siRNA-induced PTEN knockdown resulted in a similar effect as an overexpression of miR-499 and abolished the effects of miR-499 inhibition on immature porcine Sertoli cells. Moreover, both miR-499 overexpression and the PTEN knockdown activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, whereas inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway caused immature porcine Sertoli cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. Overall, miR-499 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in immature porcine Sertoli cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting the PTEN gene. This study provides novel insights into the effects of miR-499 in spermatogenesis through the regulation of immature Sertoli cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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