Bengal tiger is one of the majestic carnivores found in regions of the Indian subcontinent. It possesses immense intrinsic values contributing significantly to the cultural and ecological aspects. However, a drastic decline in the population has been perceived for the past few years. Anthropogenic activities and fall in prey density are considered to be the major threats. Several conservation actions and plans have been executed to stabilize and increase the population. This review article summarizes ecology, threats to tiger population and its conservation strategies.
Matheran is not only a cultural legacy or a tourist spot but also a great natural resource with immense intrinsic value that can contribute significantly to the ecological patterns of the area. Former said, it being a tourist spot, has repercussions of its own, where like every other hill station it has succumbed to waves of tourists and unplanned development leading to loss of its pristineness. While Matheran and nearby areas are growing in its infrastructure, several sites in the region still harbor rich biodiversity. This study aims to assess the avian and mammalian diversity in the vicinity of the tourist spots in order to assess their conservation importance. The results from the study were as follows. Mean population of the two locations are 291 and 133. Few location points appeared to have more abundance yet showed dominance of few opportunistic species. Few rare species were also sighted in spots having minimum human interference. This shows that even though Matheran is a popular tourist destination, the prohibition of vehicular entry in Matheran has been a boon for the biological diversity conservation in that area.
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