Sentra produksi ubi kayu di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dihasilkan oleh daerah Kabupaten Pati. Tingginya produksi ubi kayu didukung dengan pengolahan pasca panen yaitu pengolahan ubi kayu menjadi tepung tapioka. Namun permasalahan yang muncul adalah limbah dari sisa pengolahan ubi kayu menjadi tepung tapioka belum dapat dimanfaatkan secara keseluruhan sehingga dapat mencemari lingkungan. Melalui proses pirolisis limbah ubi kayu dihasilkan arang (bahan karbon). Uji kinerja karbon yang dihasilkan dari limbah ubi kayu digunakan sebagai adsorben pada limbah tekstil methylene blue. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukan bahwa intensitas absorbsi methylene blue menurun. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya proses absorbsi methylene blue oleh karbon. Laju penurunan intensitas absorbsi methylene blue semakin cepat dengan penambahan massa karbon. Karbon dari limbah ubi kayu sisa pengolahan tepung tapioka dapat efektif sebagai adsorben untuk mereduksi limbah tekstil methylene blue. Kata-kata kunci: limbah, ubi kayu, kabupaten pati.
The size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) is a metric for an estimation of patient dose in computed tomography (CT). The SSDE strongly depends on the water-equivalent diameter (D W ). In abdominal CT examinations, a contrast agent is sometimes used to more clearly visualize tissue lesions. The Hounsfield unit (HU) of CT images with and without the use of a contrast agent at specific areas is slightly different and it may affect the D W value. This study aimed to compare the D W values calculated from axial CT images in patients who had undergone routine abdominal scans both with and without the use of a contrast agent. Axial images of 144 patients with a weight range of 3.5 kg to 90 kg who had undergone routine abdominal scans both with and without the use of a contrast agent using a Siemens Sensation 64 CT scanner were retrospectively collected. The D W values were automatically calculated using the Matlab-based IndoseCT (version 15a) software. The results show the percentage difference between D W,contrast and D W,non-contrast is below 2 %. As a result, the mean SSDE contrast is 1.5 % smaller than SSDE non-contrast . Due to the effect of a contrast agent on the D W and SSDE values is below 2 %, the axial images of CT abdomen without the use of a contrast agent can be used as the accurate estimation of D W and SSDE for images with the use of a contrast agent.
The dose received by a patient on CT examination is expressed in size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) which is a function of the patient diameter, x-ray attenuation, and scanner output (volume computed tomography dose index, CTDIvol). Patient diameter and x-ray attenuation are represented as water equivalent diameter (Dw). We conducted the research to analyze the relationships between body weight and Dw, CTDIvol, and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in contrast-enhanced thorax examinations. We used images from 100 patients (50 women and 50 men patients) whose weight range from 2.8 kg to 80 kg. The values of Dw, CTDIvol, and SSDE were automatically calculated from axial CT images using the IndoseCT software. Statistical analysis showed that the patient's body weight correlates linearly with the Dw. The linearity coefficient (R2) values for body weight and Dw is 0.43 (women) and 0.55 (men). However, weight was independent of the patient dose in terms of CTDIvol and SSDE. This was because the CT system used tube current modulation (TCM), which automatically adapted the tube current to patient size, resulting in a relatively constant dose regardless of the patient size (Dw).
The study aims to correlate the effective diameter (Deff) and water-equivalent diameter (Dw) parameters with anterior–posterior (AP), lateral (LAT) and AP + LAT dimensions in order to estimate the patient dose in head CT examinations. Seventy-four patient datasets from head CT examinations were retrospectively collected. The patient’s sizes were calculated from the middle slice using a software of IndoseCT. Dw and Deff were plotted as functions of AP, LAT and AP + LAT dimensions. The best trendline fit for LAT and AP functions was a second order polynomial, which resulted in R2 of 0.89 for Deff vs LAT, 0.88 for Dw vs LAT, 0.92 for Deff vs AP and 0.91 for Dw vs AP. A linear correlation was found for Deff vs AP + LAT, Dw vs AP + LAT and Dw vs Deff with R2 of 0.97, 0.96 and 0.98, respectively.
Lightweight Expanded Carbon Aggregate (LECA) adalah media yang lazim digunakan sebagai media tanam hidroponik. Densitas LECA yang kecil menyebabkan massa LECA menjadi sangat ringan. Porositas dari media ini dipengaruhi oleh pori. Pori berperan meningkatkan kemampuan menyimpan air dari LECA. Pada umumnya, LECA dibuat dari bahan baku tanah liat yang diperlakukan pada tekanan dan suhu yang tinggi sehingga dihasilkan media yang ringan dengan porositas yang tinggi. Limbah daun dapat dimanfaatkan karena memiliki kandungan karbon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan pembuatan LECA berbahan baku limbah daun. Pembuatan LECA dilakukan dengan mencampurkan karbon yang berasal dari pembakaran limbah daun dengan PEG sebagai agen pembentuk pori dan PVAc sebagai perekat. LECA yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dengan menghitung nilai porositasnya dan mengujikan LECA sebagai media tanam hidroponik. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan persentase PEG akan meningkatkan porositas LECA. Sedangkan hasil uji LECA sebagai media tanam dibuktikan dengan tanaman Lili Paris dan biji kangkung yang tumbuh dengan baik setelah ditumbuhkan diatas media LECA.
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