Background: The human brain changes with response to various types of activities and experience through the reorganization of its neural connections. This phenomenon is called as neural plasticity. Studies over the past decade have indicated that the adult brain is structurally dynamic. Indeed, dendritic spines dynamically turn over in the adult brain, and learning of novel tasks is associated with further increases in spine turnover. The exercise training is an effective therapy for CNS dysfunctions like stroke, traumatic brain injuries etc. which has been applied to clinic. Traditionally, the exercise training has been considered to improve brain function only through enhancement, compensation, and replacement of the remaining function of nerve and muscle.
To tackle a large midline diastema and generalized spacing existing before extraction often poses a challenge to the treating prosthodontist. The situation becomes even more complicated if the patient is a teenager, with multiple missing teeth, associated deep bite and where the jaw bone growth has not yet been completed. Possible treatment options would include a removable prosthesis, a fixed partial denture or an implant supported prosthesis. Treating such cases with a simple removable prosthesis cannot be justified if a deep bite existed which would result in posterior disocclusion. Also a conventional fixed partial denture or closure of the diastema with light cure composite (LCC), would result in a seemingly large tooth, which would be unaesthetic in appearance. Implant supported prosthesis is a possibility, if the patient's jaw bone growth has been completed. Another simple non-invasive solution to this problem would be to fabricate a non-rigid connector using loops. This presentation describes the procedure for fabrication of an interim loop connector for a 16 year old female patient who had lost one of her maxillary central incisors as a result of trauma. Patient also had multiple spacing in the maxillary anterior teeth and an associated deep bite. Her cephalogram revealed that she had a Class III skeletal pattern. A permanent treatment at this stage was not possible due to ontoward mandibular growth pattern as revealed on the cephalogram. Hence to dodge all these problems, a simple and non-invasive treatment using loop connectors was chosen till the growth period was completed.
Aim: To investigate the prevalence of TMD in Central Keralite population. Materials and Methods: A representative population-based sample of 368 people was randomly selected of which 152 were men and 216 were females. A cross sectional study was conducted in both males and females aged 18-65 years. TMD prevalence was assessed by self- reported questionnaire. The diagnosis of TMD was based on Research Diagnosis Criteria for TMD (RDC-TMD) Axis1. Results: Of the total sample size selected, 51.35% had TMD. Of this, 53.2% of the females and 48.6% of the males were diagnosed to have TMD. TMD patients were categorised according to RDC TMD Criteria. In Category I (Myofascial pain dysfunction) - 47%, Category II (Internal derangement) - 51% and in Category III (Inflammatory Joint Disorder) - 2% Conclusion: The present study indicates that more than half of the general population in Central Kerala is affected by TMD. Proper awareness of this disorder and possible treatment options should be well informed to the general population.
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a ginglymoarthrodialsynovialcompound joint which consists of an articular disc, 2 bones(mandible and temporal bone), a fibrous capsule, intra-articular fluid, a synovial membrane and ligaments [1]. (fig 1)
Aim:To investigate the prevalence of otolaryngological symptoms with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in TMD patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, the sample consisted of 172 TMD patients, both males and females of 18-59 years. Diagnosis of TMD was based on Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC-TMD) Axis 1. The prevalence of otolaryngological symptoms was determined using questionnaire. Results: Of the 172 TMD patients evaluated, 81 patients were having Muscular disorder alone or combined with Intracapsular disorder. Out of the 81 patients having muscular disorder, 74 had ear symptoms (91.4%). Conclusion: A high prevalence (91.4%) of Otolaryngological symptoms with TMD was found in the present study. Ruling out causes of ear symptoms other than TMD by an ENT specialist is essential before proceeding with the treatment of these category of patients for a better prognosis.
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