Cerebral palsy (CP) is a perinatally acquired nonprogressive brain damage resulting in motor impairment affecting mobility and posture. Early identification of infants with CP is desired to target early interventions and follow-up. During early infancy, distinct motion patterns occur which are highly predictive for later disability. These motor patterns can be observed and recorded. In this paper, a method to predict later CP based on early video recordings of the infants' spontaneous movements, applying optical flow and statistical pattern recognition, is presented. We extract motion information from video recordings of young infants using a total variation related optical flow method. By using wavelet analysis features from motion trajectories of points initiated on a regular grid were extracted and classified using a support vector machine.
ObjectiveTo study the role of α4β7 integrin for gut homing of monocytes and to explore the biological consequences of therapeutic α4β7 inhibition with regard to intestinal wound healing.DesignWe studied the expression of homing markers on monocyte subsets in the peripheral blood and on macrophage subsets in the gut of patients with IBD and controls with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Integrin function was addressed with dynamic adhesion assays and in vivo gut homing assays. In vivo wound healing was studied in mice deficient for or depleted of α4β7 integrin.ResultsClassical and non-classical monocytes were clearly dichotomous regarding homing marker expression including relevant expression of α4β7 integrin on human and mouse non-classical monocytes but not on classical monocytes. Monocyte-expressed α4β7 integrin was functionally important for dynamic adhesion to mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 and in vivo gut homing. Impaired α4β7-dependent gut homing was associated with reduced (effect size about 20%) and delayed wound healing and suppressed perilesional presence of wound healing macrophages. Non-classical monocytes in the peripheral blood were increased in patients with IBD under clinical treatment with vedolizumab.ConclusionIn addition to reported effects on lymphocytes, anti-α4β7 therapy in IBD also targets non-classical monocytes. Impaired gut homing of such monocytes might lead to a reduction of wound healing macrophages and could potentially explain increased rates of postoperative complications in vedolizumab-treated patients, which have been observed in some studies.
We present a variational approach to motion estimation of instationary experimental fluid flows from image sequences. Our approach extends prior work along two directions: (i) The full incompressible Navier-Stokes equation is employed in order to obtain a physically consistent regularization which does not suppress turbulent variations of flow estimates. (ii) Regularization along the time-axis is employed as well, but formulated in a receding horizon manner contrary to previous approaches to spatiotemporal regularization. This allows for a recursive on-line (non-batch) implementation of our variational estimation framework. Ground-truth evaluations for simulated turbulent flows demonstrate that due to imposing both physical consistency and temporal coherency, the accuracy of flow estimation compares favourably even with advanced cross-correlation approaches and optical flow approaches based on higher-order div-curl regularization.
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